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RECOVERY started in the UK in early 2020 as the Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy, a clinical trial testing treatments for people admitted to hospital with COVID-19 pneumonia. Since then it has identified four life-saving treatments for COVID-19, and shown that several other commonly used treatments were not effective. RECOVERY is now open at sites across Europe, Asia and Africa and in 2023 expanded to test treatments of other types of pneumonia including influenza and non-viral community-acquired pneumonia.
Data from the trial are regularly reviewed so that any effective treatment can be identified quickly and made available to all patients. Please see our news page for results that RECOVERY has found. The RECOVERY Trial team constantly review information on new drugs and may include promising ones in the trial in future.
After many weeks or months of preparation, the prosecutor is ready for the most important part of his job: the trial. The trial is a structured process where the facts of a case are presented to a jury, and they decide if the defendant is guilty or not guilty of the charge offered. During trial, the prosecutor uses witnesses and evidence to prove to the jury that the defendant committed the crime(s). The defendant, represented by an attorney, also tells his side of the story using witnesses and evidence.
Opening statements allow the prosecutor and the defense attorney to briefly tell their account of the events. These statements usually are short like an outline and do not involve witnesses or evidence. The prosecutor makes an opening statement first because the Government has the burden of proving that the defendant committed the crime.
After the defense attorney cross examines the witness, the prosecutor asks the witness final questions to clarify any confusing testimony for the jury. This is called redirect examination. Once the process of direct examination, cross examination, and redirect of all the witnesses is complete, the prosecutor rests his case. After the prosecutor rests, no more witnesses can be called to the stand or evidence introduced by the government.
After the Government rests, the defense has the opportunity to present witnesses and evidence to the jury. The defense also has the option of not having the defendant testify. There is no burden upon the defendant to prove that they are innocent. It is the government's responsibility to prove the defendant committed the crime as detailed in the indictment. The fact that a defendant did not testify may not be considered by the jury as proof that the defendant committed the crime. The defense may also waive his case. If the defense does not put on any evidence, the jury cannot assume that the defendant is guilty simply because they did not put on a defense. The decision to put on a defense is solely up to the defendant and the defense attorney. However, the defense will usually present its own version of the case.
Objections
During direct or cross examination, either attorney can make an objection to a question or a piece of evidence to the judge. For example, a prosecutor or defense attorney may object to the wide range of the direct examination because it is beyond the knowledge of the witness, the attorney may be arguing with the witness rather than asking questions, or the witness may be talking about things irrelevant to the case.
Closing arguments are the final opportunity for the prosecutor and the defense attorney to talk to the jury. These arguments allow both attorneys to summarize the testimony and evidence, and ask the jury to return a verdict of guilty or not guilty.
After being charged, the jury goes into deliberation, the process of deciding whether a defendant is guilty or not guilty. During this process, no one associated with the trial can contact the jury without the judges and lawyers. If the jury has a question on the law, they must write a note to the judge, which the judge will read in court with all parties present. In federal criminal trials, the jury must reach a unanimous decision in order to convict the defendant.
After they reach an agreement on a verdict, they notify the judge, the lawyers, and the defendant in open court. Everyone is present in court for the reading of the verdict. The United States Marshals Service is present during trial to protect the judge and prosecutors from potential harm. If the defendant is found not guilty, they are usually free to go home.
Basic experimental studies involving humans (BESH) are studies that meet both the federal definition of basic research and the NIH definition of a clinical trial. Find new resources to help differentiate between a measurement and an intervention, learn about answering the 4 clinical trial questions for BESH, and more.
All NIH-funded clinical trials are expected to register and submit results information to Clinicaltrials.gov. Learn more about these requirements. Learn more about what you need to know about these requirements.
All NIH-funded clinical investigators and clinical trial staff who are involved in the design, conduct, oversight, or management of clinical trials can learn about the requirement to be trained in Good Clinical Practice (GCP). Learn more.
Effective June 9, 2018, the Human Subjects System (HSS) replaced the Inclusion Management System (IMS). HSS consolidates human subjects and clinical trial information in one place. The system is accessed by PIs/signing officials and NIH Staff via eRA Commons. Learn more.
Learn more about training opportunities and use the resources below to help spread the word about NIH's clinical trial policies. We will continue to post additional resources, so check back frequently!
Learn about policy expectations for the use of single IRBs for multi-site grant applications with due dates January 25, 2018 and beyond, and for contract solicitations published starting January 25, 2018.
The drugs included in the trial were either approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for another cancer or were still being tested in other clinical trials but had shown some effectiveness against tumors with a specific genetic change.
When MATCH started, researchers aimed for at least 25% of people enrolled to have rare or uncommon cancers. But the trial went beyond this number, with about 60% of those enrolled having cancers other than colon, rectal, breast, non-small cell lung, or prostate.
Researchers continue to publish papers about the findings for each arm. These papers describe the findings in detail, including the results of each of treatment, genomic analyses, and what was learned from this information.
Unlike NCI-MATCH, which tested single drugs, ComboMATCH will test combinations of drugs. MyeloMATCH will test treatments based on genetic changes in the cancer cells of people with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). These cancers were not included in NCI-MATCH. The iMATCH trial will study how the immune status of a tumor affects the response to targeted treatments with immunotherapy.
ClinicalTrials.gov [ How to Use Search ]
This is a searchable registry and results database of federally and privately supported clinical trials conducted in the United States and around the world. ClinicalTrials.gov gives you information about a trial's purpose, who may participate, locations, and phone numbers for more details. This information should be used in conjunction with advice from health care professionals.
Search NIH Clinical Research Studies
The NIH maintains an online database of clinical research studies taking place at its Clinical Center, which is located on the NIH campus in Bethesda, Maryland. Studies are conducted by most of the institutes and centers across the NIH. The Clinical Center hosts a wide range of studies from rare diseases to chronic health conditions, as well as studies for healthy volunteers. Visitors can search by diagnosis, sign, symptom or other key words.
ResearchMatch
This is an NIH-funded initiative to connect 1) people who are trying to find research studies, and 2) researchers seeking people to participate in their studies. It is a free, secure registry to make it easier for the public to volunteer and to become involved in clinical research studies that contribute to improved health in the future.
As a result, Florida now has a simple two-tiered trial court system. A temporary exception was the municipal court, which was not abolished until January 1, 1977. Most of these courts in major population areas were abolished on January 1, 1973.
The majority of jury trials in Florida take place before one judge sitting as judge of the circuit court. The circuit courts are sometimes referred to as courts of general jurisdiction, in recognition of the fact that most criminal and civil cases originate at this level.
The Constitution provides that a circuit court shall be established to serve each judicial circuit established by the Legislature, of which there are twenty. Within each circuit, there may be any number of judges, depending upon the population and caseload of the particular area.
To be eligible for the office of circuit judge, a person must be an elector of a county within the circuit and must have been admitted to the practice of law in the state for the preceding five years.
Circuit court judges are elected by the voters of the circuits in nonpartisan, contested elections against other persons who choose to qualify as candidates for the position. Circuit court judges serve for six-year terms, and they are subject to the same disciplinary standards and procedures as Supreme Court Justices and district court judges.
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