Huawei P30 Format

[Tosha Dickason]

TheHarmonyOS App Pack or the App file, identified with the file extension ".app", serves as the file format used by the HarmonyOS operating system. It functions as a native HarmonyOS app for distribution and installation through Huawei AppGallery,[1] or for distribution through Huawei Ability Gallery in respect of installation-free apps under both former classic dual-framework and current HarmonyOS NEXT system of unified OpenHarmony app framework. The App file is also used by a number of other open source HarmonyOS-based operating systems such as OpenHarmony and Oniro OS-based operating systems for distribution and installation of applications, video games and middleware. Including non OpenHarmony-based operating systems, such as GNU Linux-based Unity Operating System that supports the app file format.[2] [3][4][5][6]

Most HarmonyOS apps contain at least one HAP file of the entry type, which is the main module of the app, and additional HAP files of the feature type, which is used to implement a specific app feature.[8]

The package management subsystem within OpenHarmony for handling app installation packages. When considering a PC environment. Installation and Update function allows users to install or update applications by interacting with the package manager through a graphical user interface or command-line interface. Query and Uninstallation function enable users to query installed packages and uninstall unwanted ones using similar interfaces. Also, storage where Package information would be stored in a database or configuration files on the PC. The package management subsystem ensures frictionless management of app packages, regardless of the device form.[9]

HarmonyOS apps are distributed as a software package file known as the App Pack or the App file, suffixed with .app, which is analogous to other software packages such as apk used by the Android operating system, appx in Microsoft Windows, or a Debian package in Debian-based operating systems.

The HAP files may consist of resources, third-party libraries and configuration files. They are classified into two types of modules, i.e., entry and feature. The entry type of the HAP files is the main module and must be included into an app package, while the feature type of the HAP files is additional modules for implementing the features of the apps.

Historically, the development of the HAP format has gone through two phases. The first stage, after decompression, there was a non-executable APK as the program entrance to connect with AOSP file libraries of binaries to interact with AOSP base of HarmonyOS 2.0 API 6, which is caused by the imperfect ecology of the early development of the new app file format during dual framework of OpenHarmony L3-L5 that consists of EMUI Android base convergence. During early app development, third party developers facilitated development for mixed packaging of APK and HAP.[11] Since introduction of HAR on HarmonyOS 3.1 API 9 with ArkUI declarative programming framework and ArkTS evolved from eTS on 3.0, as primary programming language replacing Java binaries in the second stage of HAP, APKs was eliminated after decompression, and HAP cannot be converted into APKs by simple unpacking and packaging, therefore HAP file format is not a casing of the APK.

After development, the apps containing signature information can be distributed to different devices with AppGallery Connect, a tool kit of services for creation, development, distribution and maintenance of an app.[13]

For sharing code and resources in an App Pack, the operating system offers two kinds of shared packages: Harmony Archive (HAR), which is a static shared package, and Harmony Shared Package (HSP), which is a dynamic shared package.[14]

Both HAR and HSP enable sharing of code, C++ libraries, resources, and configuration files. In HAR, the code and resources are compiled together with invoking modules, possibly resulting in multiple copies of the same code and resources. In contrast, HSP allows independent compilation, leading to only one copy of code and resources in the build product.[14]

When multiple HAPs reference the same HAR, the HSP can be used instead to share some state variables and reduce the size of an App Pack. However, the HSP has some restrictions; for example, it does not support the declaration of abilities in its configuration file and its invoking modules must be in the same stage model as with the HSP.[14]

On OpenHarmony 4.1 API 11 improvements with System-level HSP that supports OTA upgrades within the App Package Management system. Also, the API 11 upgrade under Public Basic Class Library supports the creation of Workers within HSP and HAR that is something a user give a task and continue in the process, while the worker, or multiple workers also known as Thread pools, process the task on a different thread. A call back method is initiated when a special method provided on the initial call gets called. [15]

With Huawei increasing popularity, Huawei mobiles and tablets are widely used around the world. However, recently many users raised the threads to ask what are Huawei supported video formats.Because they failed to play their personal video files on their Huawei mobiles or tablets. Well, the playback failure is usually caused by the following factors:

Well, the chances that users video files are corrupted or copy-protected and users Huawei devices memories are full are small, and the chance that users video formats are not supported by Huaweidevices is big. So to make sure that users video formats are in Huawei supported video format lists, first we need to know what are Huawei supported video formats.

So from the above examples, we can clearly see that most Olympus cameras get MOV (MPEG-4 AVC/H.264) format well supported and few of them get AVI JPEG supported. And users will have no problemwhen they transfer the Olympus camera recorded MOV files to Apple devices or players for playback, but will have problems in playing them on Android mobiles, players and tablets, PSP devices and mostof other portable devices, because most of Android based devices and PSP, and portable devices get MP4 file format, not MOV format, supported. And that is exactly why Olympus users failed to playOlympus recorded video files on their devices.

To successfully get any video file played on any Huawei phone or tablet, one widely used method is to use a Huawei converter to convert the unsupported video format to any Huawei phone or tabletbest supported 3GP or MP4. iDealshare VideoGo is just the most professional Huawei converter and is adopted by most of users. Now let's see some key features of iDealshare VideoGo as below.

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a protocol used to map IP addresses to MAC addresses. It is therefore necessary for hosts or Layer 3 network devices to maintain an ARP table for storing the mapping information of IP and MAC addresses. There are generally two types of ARP entries: static and dynamic.

For hosts or other Layer 3 network devices to communicate on a LAN, the sender must know the destination IP address to which it will send IP packets. The IP packets, however, must first be encapsulated with MAC addresses before they can be transmitted over the physical network. It is therefore necessary for hosts or Layer 3 network devices to maintain an ARP table for storing the mapping information of IP and MAC addresses.

Static ARP allows a network administrator to manually create the fixed mappings between IP and MAC addresses. Static ARP entries cannot be aged or overwritten by dynamic ARP entries, ensuring system security.

In most cases, devices on a network can use ARP to dynamically learn ARP entries and age or update the generated dynamic ARP entries. However, when a network encounters an ARP attack, the dynamic ARP entries may be incorrectly updated or aged. As a result, the communication between authorized users becomes abnormal.

Static ARP entries can be neither aged nor overwritten by dynamic ARP entries, ensuring communication security. If a static ARP entry is configured on a device, the device can communicate with the peer device using only the specified MAC address. Network attackers cannot modify the mapping between the IP and MAC addresses using ARP packets, ensuring communication between the two devices. Static ARP entries are generally configured on gateways.

To forward a packet, the device has to send an ARP Request packet first. If the source IP and MAC addresses in the received ARP Reply packet are the same as those in the configured static ARP entry, the device adds the VLAN and interface that receive the ARP Reply packet to this static ARP entry. The device can use this static ARP entry to forward subsequent packets.

When the protocol status of a device interface changes to Up, the device broadcasts gratuitous ARP packets. If the device receives an ARP reply, another device is using the same IP address. When detecting an IP address conflict, the device periodically broadcasts gratuitous ARP Reply packets until the conflict is removed.

If a host connected to a device is not configured with a default gateway address, the host does not know how to reach the intermediate system of the network. Therefore, data forwarding cannot be performed. Routed proxy ARP resolves this problem.

As shown in the following figure, Host_1 and Host_2 are located on the same network segment. The Switch connects two networks through VLANIF 10 and VLANIF 20. The IP addresses of VLANIF 10 and VLANIF 20 are located on different network segments.

The IP addresses of Host_1 and Host_2 are on the same network segment. When Host_1 needs to communicate with Host_2, Host_1 broadcasts an ARP Request packet, requesting the MAC address of Host_2. However, Host_1 and Host_2 are on different physical networks (in different broadcast domains); therefore, Host_2 cannot receive the ARP Request packet sent from Host_1 and does not respond with an ARP Reply packet.

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