There are many functions you would take for granted in other languages which do not exists in stock lua, I think the main reason is that
it tries to stay minimal and lightweight (and does it well).
Each time I worked with lua I quickly built my own basic library by gathering and building the functions I needed for the project, the wiki
contains many implementations of "standard" functions like split and you can decide which one fits your bill depending on the complexity you require.
It may be seen as an issue but I am not so sure whether I prefer this strategy over the other languages where you get a standard library
which is bigger than the interpreter itself and you don't even know half of it ;)
(Ruby is a good example of that, I am pretty sure I never used even a third of what is in there)
Of course one could argue that split should be part on the core, maybe it is true maybe not :)