Beyond spills, intentional dumping of oils fouls the world's oceans

[Leroy N. Soetoro]

https://news.yahoo.com/beyond-spills-intentional-dumping-of-oils-fouls-
the-worlds-oceans-152322814-152322353.html

When a ship inadvertently spills oil, it’s big news. But according to an
investigation by the Outlaw Ocean Project, a nonprofit journalism
organization based in Washington, D.C., cumulatively, every three years,
ships intentionally dump more oil than the Exxon Valdez and BP spills
combined.

On Aug. 23, 2013, Chris Keays, a newly hired engineer on an American
cruise ship, the Caribbean Princess, knew immediately that something was
amiss in the massive vessel’s engine room. The Scotsman was a low-level
engineer who had just graduated from nautical school and had signed up for
what he believed was his dream job aboard the 952-foot ocean liner, one of
the largest passenger ships on the planet. The famed ship was a floating
village, with a mini golf course, a casino, an outdoor movie theater and
19 decks, with room for more than 3,000 passengers and roughly 1,000 crew
members.

Venturing into an unfamiliar section where he did not typically work,
Keays saw an illegal device known in the industry as a “magic pipe.” From
his marine studies in Glasgow, Scotland, Keays knew exactly what he was
looking at. Several feet long, the pipe stretched from a nozzle on a
carbon filter pump to a water tank. Its magic trick? Making the ship’s
used oil and other nasty liquids disappear. Rather than storing the highly
toxic effluent and unloading it at port, as the ship was legally required
to do, the pipe was secretly flushing the waste into the ocean, saving the
ship’s owner, Carnival Corporation, millions of dollars in disposal fees
and port delays. Keays used his cellphone to take shaky video and pictures
of the pipe, as well as photographs of the engine-room computer screen
that showed how discharges were being manipulated.

The sixth episode of “The Outlaw Ocean” podcast, from CBC Podcasts and the
L.A. Times, highlights a vexing and woefully underdiscussed problem made
possible by corrupt ship captains who use a so-called magic pipe to dump
oil discreetly under the waterline rather than dispose of it on land as is
legally required. This case is set in a broader context of other forms of
at-sea dumping such as plastic pollution and highlights how the sea has
long (and perilously) been viewed as a bottomless trash can. Listen to it
here:


Cruise liners, like most large ships, burn massive amounts of the dirtiest
fuel on the market. Before it is used, the fuel is filtered and spun to
remove water, debris and chemical impurities, a process that produces what
is called engine sludge. Disposing of this especially toxic waste is
costly.

Cruise liners also produce millions of gallons of oily water. This is the
runoff of lubricants and leaks that drip from a ship’s many diesel
generators, air compressors, main propulsion engines and other machines
and that drain into the ship’s bilge tanks. Other liquid wastes accumulate
too. “Black water” refers to sewage from hundreds of toilets flushing day
in and day out. “Gray water” comes from washing dishes and clothing for
the thousands of passengers aboard or from the slimy food scraps and
grease from the ship’s galleys and restaurants.

Some of these liquids can be released into the ocean after light
treatment, but ship engineers are responsible for ensuring that none of
the nastiest fluids get discharged. Sometimes, though, these engineers and
their companies resort to magic pipes to make those fluids disappear.

In subsequent court papers, Carnival called the Caribbean Princess an
isolated case. But oil logs from the company’s other ships, also disclosed
in court records, indicated that oil dumping was a widespread practice and
that on occasion, engineers on other Carnival ships tricked the monitoring
equipment by pulling in the same volume of saltwater to replace the
liquids they dumped.

On the Caribbean Princess, the company had installed three separate
machines to monitor and collect waste oil, well beyond what was required
by law. Carnival often pointed to the additional machines as proof of its
commitment to environmental stewardship. Meanwhile, onboard engineers had
devised systems to bypass each of the three monitors. After discovering
these ruses, federal prosecutors wrote that Carnival, whose income in 2016
was roughly $2.7 billion, had a “high consciousness of guilt.” In 2016, a
federal judge levied a $40 million fine against the company, the largest
penalty of its type in nautical history.


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