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putzDesmond Tutu
The Most Reverend
Desmond Tutu
Archbishop Emeritus of Cape Town
ProvinceAnglican Church of Southern AfricaSeeCape Town
(retired)Enthroned1986Ended1996PredecessorPhilip Welsford Richmond
RussellSuccessorNjongonkulu NdunganeOrdination1960 as PriestOtherBishop
of Lesotho
Bishop of Johannesburg
Archbishop of Cape Town
Born7 October 1931 (1931-10-07) (age 77)
Klerksdorp, Transvaal, South Africa
Christianity portal
Desmond Mpilo Tutu (born 7 October 1931) is a South African cleric and
activist who rose to worldwide fame during the 1980s as an opponent of
apartheid. In 1984, Tutu became the second South African to be awarded
the Nobel Peace Prize. Tutu was elected and ordained the first black
South African Anglican Archbishop of Cape Town, South Africa, and
primate of the Church of the Province of Southern Africa (now the
Anglican Church of Southern Africa). Tutu chaired the Truth and
Reconciliation Commission and is currently the chairman of The Elders.
Tutu is vocal in his defence of human rights and uses his high profile
to campaign for the oppressed. Tutu also campaigns to fight AIDS,
poverty and racism. He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1984, the
Albert Schweitzer Prize for Humanitarianism, and the Gandhi Peace Prize
in 2005.[1] Tutu has also compiled several books of his speeches and
sayings.
Contents
1 Early years
1.1 Personal life
2 Tutu's role during apartheid
3 Tutu's role since apartheid
3.1 Role in South Africa
3.2 Chairman of The Elders
3.3 Role in the Third World
3.3.1 Zimbabwe
3.4 On Israel and relationship with the Jewish community
3.5 United Nations role
3.6 Political views
3.6.1 Against poverty
3.6.2 Against unilateralism
3.6.3 Against HIV/AIDS and TB
3.6.4 Church reform
3.7 Academic role
4 Honours
5 Media/film appearances
6 Writings
7 See also
8 Notes
9 Further reading
10 External links
[edit] Early years
Desmond Mpilo Tutu was born in Klerksdorp, Transvaal on 7 October 1931,
the second of the three children of Zacheriah Zililo Tutu and his wife,
Aletta, although the only son.[2] Tutu's family moved to Johannesburg
when he was 12 years old where his father was a teacher and his mother a
cleaner and cook at a school for the blind.[3] Here he met Trevor
Huddleston who was a parish priest in the black slum of Sophiatown. "One
day", said Tutu, "I was standing in the street with my mother when a
white man in a priest's clothing walked past. As he passed us he took
off his hat to my mother. I couldn't believe my eyes - a white man who
greeted a black working class woman!"[3]
Although Tutu wanted to become a physician, his family could not afford
the training, and he followed his father's footsteps into teaching. Tutu
studied at the Pretoria Bantu Normal College from 1951 through 1953, and
went on to teach at Johannesburg Bantu High School and at Munsienville
High School in Mogale City. However, he resigned following the passage
of the Bantu Education Act, in protest of the poor educational prospects
for black South Africans. He continued his studies, this time in
theology, at St Peter's Theology College in Rosettenville and in 1960
was ordained as an Anglican priest following in the footsteps of his
mentor and fellow activist, Trevor Huddleston.
Tutu then travelled to King's College London, (1962â€"1966), where
he received his Bachelor's and Master's degrees in Theology. During this
time he worked as a part-time curate, first at St Albans Cathedral and
then at St. Mary's in Bletchingley, Surrey. He later returned to South
Africa and from 1967 until 1972 used his lectures to highlight the
circumstances of the African population. He wrote a letter to Prime
Minister B.J. Vorster, in which he described the situation in South
Africa as a "powder barrel that can explode at any time." The letter was
never answered. He became chaplain at the University of Fort Hare in
1967, a hotbed of dissent and one of the few quality universities for
African students in the southern part of Africa. From 1970 to 1972, Tutu
lectured at the National University of Lesotho.
Tutu faced a difficult balancing act: voicing black discontent while
leading a largely white parish. He alternated charm with challenges as
he appealed to his parish's Afrikaner heritage, recalling that their
forebears had endured British concentration camps. Somewhat to the
bewilderment of other black leaders, he patiently courted
Vorster’s successor, P. W. Botha, explaining that even Moses
continued to reason with Pharaoh. But white liberals grew nervous when
Tutu called for a boycott of South African products.[4] In 1972 Tutu
returned to the UK, where he was appointed vice-director of the
Theological Education Fund of the World Council of Churches, at Bromley
in Kent. He returned to South Africa in 1975 and was appointed Anglican
Dean of St. Mary's Cathedral in Johannesburg â€" the first African
person to hold that position.
[edit] Personal life
On 2 July 1955, Tutu married Nomalizo Leah Shenxane, a teacher whom he
had met while at college. They had four children: Trevor Thamsanqa Tutu,
Theresa Thandeka Tutu, Naomi Nontombi Tutu and Mpho Andrea Tutu, all of
whom attended the Waterford Kamhlaba School in Swaziland.[5]
His son, Trevor Tutu, caused a bombscare at East London Airport in 1989
and was arrested. In 1991 he was convicted of contravening the Civil
Aviation Act by falsely claiming there had been a bomb on board a South
African Airways 'plane at East London Airport.[6] The bomb threat
delayed the Johannesburg bound flight for more than three hours, costing
South African Airways some R28000. At the time Trevor Tutu announced his
intention to appeal against his sentence, but failed to arrive for the
appeal hearings. He forfeited his bail of R15000.[6] He was due to begin
serving his sentence in 1993, but failed to hand himself over to prison
authorities. He was finally arrested in Johannesburg in August 1997. He
applied for amnesty from the Truth and Reconciliation Commission which
was granted in 1997. He was then released from Goodwood Prison in Cape
Town where he had begun serving his three-and-a-half year prison
sentence after a court in East London refused to grant him bail.[7]
His daughter, Naomi Tutu, founded the Tutu Foundation for Development
and Relief in Southern Africa, based in Hartford, Connecticut. She has
followed in her father's footsteps as a human rights activist and is
currently a program coordinator for the Race Relations Institute at Fisk
University, in Nashville, Tennessee.[8] His other daughter, Mpho Tutu,
has also followed her father's footsteps and in 2004 was ordained an
Episcopal priest by her father.[9] She is also the founder and executive
director of the Tutu Institute for Prayer and Pilgrimage and the
chairperson of the board of the Global AIDS Alliance.[10]
In 1997, Tutu was diagnosed with prostate cancer and underwent
successful treatment in the US. He subsequently became patron of the
South African Prostate Cancer Foundation which was established in
2007.[11]
[edit] Tutu's role during apartheid
Apartheid in South Africa
Events and ProjectsSharpeville Massacre · Soweto uprising
Treason Trial
Rivonia Trial · Church Street bombing
CODESA · St James Church massacre
OrganisationsANC · IFP · AWB · Black Sash · CCB
Conservative Party · ECC · PP · RP
PFP · HNP · MK · PAC · SACP · UDF
Broederbond · National Party · COSATU
SADF · SAP
PeopleP. W. Botha · Oupa Gqozo · D. F. Malan
Nelson Mandela · Desmond Tutu · F. W. de Klerk
Walter Sisulu · Helen Suzman · Harry Schwarz
Andries Treurnicht · H. F. Verwoerd · Oliver Tambo
B. J. Vorster · Kaiser Matanzima · Jimmy Kruger
Steve Biko · Mahatma Gandhi · Trevor Huddleston
PlacesBantustan · District Six · Robben Island
Sophiatown · South-West Africa
Soweto · Vlakplaas
Other aspectsAfrikaner nationalism
Apartheid laws · Freedom Charter
Sullivan Principles · Kairos Document
Disinvestment campaign
South African Police
This box: view • talk • edit
In 1976 protests in Soweto, also known as the Soweto Riots, against the
government's use of Afrikaans as a compulsory medium of instruction in
black schools became a massive uprising against apartheid. From then on
Tutu supported an economic boycott of his country. He vigorously opposed
the "constructive engagement" policy of the Reagan administration in the
United States, which advocated "friendly persuasion". Tutu rather
supported disinvestment, although it hit the poor hardest, for if
disinvestment threw blacks out of work, Tutu argued, at least they would
be suffering "with a purpose". Disinvestment did succeed, causing the
value of the Rand to plunge and pressuring the government toward reform.
Tutu pressed the advantage and organised peaceful marches which brought
30 000 people onto the streets of Cape Town. That was the turning point:
within months, Nelson Mandela was freed from prison, and apartheid was
beginning to crumble.[4]
Tutu was Bishop of Lesotho from 1976 until 1978, when he became
Secretary-General of the South African Council of Churches. From this
position, he was able to continue his work against apartheid with
agreement from nearly all churches. Tutu consistently advocated
reconciliation between all parties involved in apartheid through his
writings and lectures at home and abroad. Tutu's opposition to apartheid
was vigorous and unequivocal, and he was outspoken both in South Africa
and abroad. He often compared apartheid to Nazism and Communism, as a
result the government twice revoked his passport, and he was jailed
briefly in 1980 after a protest march. It was thought by many that
Tutu's increasing international reputation and his rigorous advocacy of
non-violence protected him from harsher penalties. Tutu was also harsh
in his criticism of the violent tactics of some anti-apartheid groups
such as the African National Congress and denounced terrorism and
Communism. When a new constitution was proposed for South Africa in 1983
to defend against the anti-apartheid movement, Tutu helped form the
National Forum Committee to fight the constitutional changes.[12]
In 1985, Tutu was appointed the Bishop of Johannesburg before he became
the first black person to lead the Anglican Church in South Africa when,
on 7 September 1986, he became Archbishop of Cape Town on the retirement
of former Archbishop Philip Welsford Richmond Russell. From 1987 to 1997
he was president of the All Africa Conference of Churches. In 1989 he
was invited to Birmingham, England, United Kingdom as part of Citywide
Christian Celebrations. Tutu and his wife visited many establishments
including the Nelson Mandela School in Sparkbrook.
Tutu was considered as Archbishop of Canterbury in 1990, however George
Carey was chosen in his stead. Tutu has commented that he is "glad" that
he was not chosen, as once installed in Lambeth Palace, he would have
been homesick for South Africa, unhappy to be away from home during a
critical time in the country's history.[13]
In 1990, Tutu and the ex-Vice Chancellor of the University of the
Western Cape Professor Jakes Gerwel founded the Desmond Tutu Educational
Trust. The Trust was established to fund developmental programmes in
tertiary education and provides capacity building at 17 historically
disadvantaged institutions. Tutu's work as a mediator in order to
prevent all-out racial war was evident at the funeral of South African
Communist Party leader Chris Hani in 1993. Tutu spurred a crowd of
120,000 to repeat after him the chants, over and over: "We will be
free!", "All of us!", "Black and white together!" and finished his
speech saying:
"We are the rainbow people of God! We are unstoppable! Nobody can stop
us on our march to victory! No one, no guns, nothing! Nothing will stop
us, for we are moving to freedom! We are moving to freedom and nobody
can stop us! For God is on our side!"[14]
In 1993, he was a patron of the Cape Town Olympic Bid Committee. In 1994
he was an appointed a patron of the World Campaign Against Military and
Nuclear Collaboration with South Africa, Beacon Millennium and Action
from Ireland. In 1995 he was appointed a Chaplain and Sub-Prelate of the
Venerable Order of Saint John by Queen Elizabeth II,[15] and he became a
patron of the American Harmony Child Foundation and the Hospice
Association of Southern Africa.
[edit] Tutu's role since apartheid
This quilt by Hollis Chatelain features Tutu surrounded by children.
After the fall of apartheid, Tutu headed the Truth and Reconciliation
Commission. He retired as Archbishop of Cape Town in 1996 and was
succeeded by Njongonkulu Ndungane. At a thanksgiving for Tutu upon his
retirement as Archbishop in 1996, Nelson Mandela said:
His joy in our diversity and his spirit of forgiveness are as much part
of his immeasurable contribution to our nation as his passion for
justice and his solidarity with the poor.[16]
Tutu is generally credited with coining the term Rainbow Nation as a
metaphor for post-apartheid South Africa after 1994 under African
National Congress rule. The expression has since entered mainstream
consciousness to describe South Africa's ethnic diversity.
Since his retirement, Tutu has worked as a global activist on issues
pertaining to democracy, freedom and human rights. In 2006, Tutu
launched a global campaign, organised by Plan, to ensure that all
children were registered at birth, as an unregistered child did not
officially exist and was vulnerable to traffickers and during
disasters.[17]
[edit] Role in South Africa
Tutu is widely regarded as "South Africa's moral conscience"[18] and has
been described by former President of South Africa, Nelson Mandela, as
"sometimes strident, often tender, never afraid and seldom without
humour, Desmond Tutu's voice will always be the voice of the
voiceless".[16] Since his retirement, Tutu has worked to critique the
new South African government. Tutu has been vocal in condemnation of
corruption, the ineffectiveness of the ANC-led government to deal with
poverty, and the recent outbreaks of xenophobic violence in townships
across South Africa.
After a decade of freedom for South Africa, Tutu was honoured with the
invitation to deliver the annual Nelson Mandela Foundation Lecture. On
23 November 2004 Tutu was given the address entitled, "Look to the Rock
from Which You Were Hewn." This lecture, critical of the ANC-controlled
government, stirred a pot of controversy between Tutu and Thabo Mbeki,
calling into question "the right to criticise."[19]
He made a stinging attack against South Africa's political elite, saying
the country was "sitting on a powder keg"[20] because of its failure to
alleviate poverty a decade after apartheid's end. Tutu also said that
attempts to boost black economic ownership were only benefiting an elite
minority, while political "kowtowing" within the ruling ANC was
hampering democracy. Tutu asked, "What is black empowerment when it
seems to benefit not the vast majority but an elite that tends to be
recycled?"[20]
Tutu criticised politicians for debating whether to give the poor an
income grant of $16 (£12) a month and said the idea should be
seriously considered. Tutu has often spoken in support of the Basic
Income Grant (BIG) which has so far been defeated in parliament. After
the first round of volleys were fired, South African Press Association
journalist, Ben Maclennan reported Tutu's response as: "Thank you Mr
President for telling me what you think of me, that I am--a liar with
scant regard for the truth, and a charlatan posing with his concern for
the poor, the hungry, the oppressed and the voiceless."[21]
Tutu warned of corruption shortly after the re-election of the African
National Congress government of South Africa, saying that they "stopped
the gravy train just long enough to get on themselves." [22] In August
2006 Tutu publicly urged Jacob Zuma, the South African politician who
had been accused of sexual crimes and corruption, to drop out of the
ANC's presidential succession race. He said in a public lecture that he
would not be able to hold his "head high" if Zuma became leader after
being accused both of rape and corruption. In September 2006, Tutu
repeated his opposition to Zuma's candidacy as ANC leader due to Zuma's
"moral failings"."[23]
The head of the Congress of South African Students condemned Tutu as a
"loose cannon" and a "scandalous man" â€" a reaction which prompted
an angry Mbeki to side with Tutu. Zuma's personal advisor responded by
accusing Tutu of having double standards and "selective amnesia" (as
well as being old). Elias Khumalo claims Tutu "had found it so easy to
accept the apology from the apartheid government that committed
unspeakable atrocities against millions of South Africans", yet now
"cannot find it in his heart to accept the apology from this humble man
who has erred". Tutu and Zuma’s public criticism of each other
are reflections of a turbulent time in South African politics.[24]
Tutu has condemned the xenophobic violence which occurred throughout
South Africa in May 2008. Tutu, who once intervened in the apartheid
years to prevent a mob necklacing a man, said that when South Africans
were fighting against apartheid they had been supported by people around
the world and particularly in Africa. Although they were poor, other
Africans welcomed South Africans as refugees, and allowed liberation
movements to have bases in their territory even if it meant those
countries were going to be attacked by the South African Defence force.
Tutu called on South Africans to end the violence as thousands of
refugees have sought refuge in shelters.[25]
[edit] Chairman of The Elders
On 18 July 2007 in Johannesburg, South Africa, Nelson Mandela,
Graça Machel, and Tutu convened The Elders, a group of world
leaders to contribute their wisdom, leadership and integrity to tackle
some of the world's toughest problems. Mandela announced its formation
in a speech on his 89th birthday. Tutu is serving as its Chair. Other
founding members include Kofi Annan, Ela Bhatt, Gro Harlem Brundtland,
Jimmy Carter, Li Zhaoxing, Mary Robinson, Muhammad Yunus and Aung San
Suu Kyi, whose chair was left symbolically empty due to her confinement
as a political prisoner in Burma.
"This group can speak freely and boldly, working both publicly and
behind the scenes on whatever actions need to be taken,†Mandela
commented. “Together we will work to support courage where there
is fear, foster agreement where there is conflict, and inspire hope
where there is despair."[26] The Elders will be independently funded by
a group of Founders, including Richard Branson, Peter Gabriel, Ray
Chambers, Michael Chambers, Bridgeway Foundation, Pam Omidyar, Humanity
United, Amy Robbins, Shashi Ruia, Dick Tarlow and the United Nations
Foundation.
[edit] Role in the Third World
Tutu and Brad Pitt on the cover of Vanity Fair
Tutu has focused on drawing awareness to issues such as poverty, AIDS
and non-democratic governments in the Third World. In particular he has
focused on issues in Zimbabwe and Palestine. Tutu also led The Elders'
first mission to travel to Sudan in September-October 2007 to foster
peace in the Darfur crisis. "Our hope is that we can keep Darfur in the
spotlight and spur on governments to help keep peace in the region,"
said Tutu.[27]
Tutu has also been vocal in his condemnation of Chinese crackdowns on
Tibetan activists. Tutu spoke at a candle-lit vigil on the eve of the
San Francisco relay. Tutu does not support a full boycott of the Olympic
Games, but he has called on the heads of States worldwide to not attend
the Opening Ceremonies of the 2008 Beijing Olympics.[28]
"For God's sake, for the sake of our children, for the sake of their
children, for the sake of the beautiful people of Tibet - don't go. Tell
your counterparts in Beijing you wanted to come but looked at your
schedule and realised you have something else to do."[29]
[edit] Zimbabwe
Tutu has been vocal in his criticism of human rights abuses in Zimbabwe
as well as the South African government's policy of quiet diplomacy
towards Zimbabwe. In 2007 he said the "quiet diplomacy" pursued by the
Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) had "not worked at all" and
he called on Britain and the West to pressure SADC, including South
Africa, which was chairing talks between President Mugabe's Zanu-PF
party and the opposition Movement for Democratic Change, to set firm
deadlines for action, with consequences if they were not met.[30] Tutu
has often criticized Robert Mugabe in the past and he once described the
autocratic leader as "a cartoon figure of an archetypical African
dictator".[18] In 2008, he called for the international community to
intervene in Zimbabwe - by force if necessary.[31] Mugabe, on the other
hand, has called Tutu an "angry, evil and embittered little bishop".[32]
We Africans should hang our heads in shame. How can what is happening in
Zimbabwe elicit hardly a word of concern let alone condemnation from us
leaders of Africa? After the horrible things done to hapless people in
Harare, has come the recent crackdown on members of the opposition ...
what more has to happen before we who are leaders, religious and
political, of our mother Africa are moved to cry out "Enough is
enough?"[33]
He has often stated that all leaders in Africa should condemn Zimbabwe:
"What an awful blot on our copy book. Do we really care about human
rights, do we care that people of flesh and blood, fellow Africans, are
being treated like rubbish, almost worse than they were ever treated by
rabid racists?"[18] After the Zimbabwean presidential elections in April
2008, Tutu expressed his hope that Mugabe would step down after it was
initially reported that Mugabe had lost the elections. Tutu reiterated
his support of the democratic process and hoped that Mugabe would adhere
to the voice of the people:
That is democracy. Democracy is, you change government when people
decide. I mean when your time is over, your time is over. We hope the
transition will be a peaceful one, relatively peaceful, and that Mr
Mugabe will step down with dignity, gracefully.[34]
Tutu called Mugabe "someone we were very proud of", as he "did a
fantastic job, and it’s such a great shame, because he had a
wonderful legacy. If he had stepped down ten or so years ago he would be
held in very, very high regard. And I still want to say we must honour
him for the things that he did do, and just say what a shame."[34]
Tutu stated that he feared that riots would break out in Zimbabwe if the
election results were ignored. He proposed that a peace-keeping force
should be sent to the region to ensure stability.
Anything that would save the possibilities of bloodshed, of conflict, I
am quite willing to support. The people of Zimbabwe have suffered
enough, and we don’t...want any more possibilities of bloodshed.
In a fraught situation such as we have had in Zimbabwe, anything that is
helping towards a move, a transition, from the repression to the
possibilities of democracy and freedom, oh, for goodness sake, please
let us accept that.[34]
[edit] On Israel and relationship with the Jewish community
Tutu has spoken of the significant role Jews played in the
anti-Apartheid struggle in South Africa, has voiced support for Israel's
security concerns, and has spoken against tactics of suicide bombing and
incitement to hatred.[35] He is also an active and prominent proponent
of the campaign for divestment from Israel[36], and has likened Israel's
treatment of Palestinians to the treatment of Black South Africans under
apartheid.[35][37]
In 1988, the American Jewish Committee noted that Tutu was strongly
critical of Israel's military and other connections with apartheid-era
South Africa, and quoted him as saying that Zionism has "very many
parallels with racism", on the grounds that it "excludes people on
ethnic or other grounds over which they have no control". While the AJC
was critical of some of Tutu's views, it dismissed "insidious rumours"
that he had made anti-Semitic statements.[38]
Tutu preached a message of forgiveness during a 1989 trip to Israel's
Yad Vashem museum, saying "Our Lord would say that in the end the
positive thing that can come is the spirit of forgiving, not forgetting,
but the spirit of saying: God, this happened to us. We pray for those
who made it happen, help us to forgive them and help us so that we in
our turn will not make others suffer."[39] Some found this statement
offensive, with Rabbi Marvin Hier of the Simon Wiesenthal Center calling
it "a gratuitous insult to Jews and victims of Nazism everywhere."[40]
Tutu was subjected to racial slurs during this visit to Israel, with
vandals writing "Black Nazi pig" on the walls of the St. George's
Cathedral in East Jerusalem, where he was staying.[39]
In 2002, when delivering a public lecture in support of divestment, Tutu
said "My heart aches. I say why are our memories so short. Have our
Jewish sisters and brothers forgotten their humiliation? Have they
forgotten the collective punishment, the home demolitions, in their own
history so soon? Have they turned their backs on their profound and
noble religious traditions? Have they forgotten that God cares deeply
about the downtrodden?"[35] He argued that Israel could never live in
security by oppressing another people, and continued, "People are scared
in this country [the US], to say wrong is wrong because the Jewish lobby
is powerful - very powerful. Well, so what? For goodness sake, this is
God's world! We live in a moral universe. The apartheid government was
very powerful, but today it no longer exists. Hitler, Mussolini, Stalin,
Pinochet, Milosevic, and Idi Amin were all powerful, but in the end they
bit the dust."[35] The latter statement was criticized by some Jewish
groups, including the Anti-Defamation League.[41] [42] When he edited
and reprinted parts of his speech in 2005, Tutu replaced the words
"Jewish lobby" with "pro-Israel lobby".[43]
In 2003, Tutu accepted the role as patron of Sabeel International,[44] a
Christian liberation theology organization which supports the concerns
of the Palestinian Christian community and has actively lobbied the
International Christian community for divestment from Israel.[45] In the
same year, Archbishop Tutu received an International Advocate for Peace
Award from the Cardozo School of Law, an affiliate of Yeshiva
University, sparking scattered student protests and condemnations from
representatives of the Simon Wiesenthal Center and Anti-Defamation
League.[46] A 2006 opinion piece in the Jerusalem Post newspaper
described him as "a friend, albeit a misguided one, of Israel and the
Jewish people".[47] The Zionist Organization of America has led a
campaign to protest Tutu's appearances at North American campuses.
In 2007, the president of the University of St. Thomas in Minnesota
cancelled a planned speech from Tutu, on the grounds that his presence
might offend some members of the local Jewish community.[48] Many
faculty members opposed this decision, and with some describing Tutu as
the victim of a smear campaign. The group Jewish Voice for Peace led an
email campaign calling on St. Thomas to reconsider its decision[49],
which the president did and invited Tutu to campus.[50] Tutu declined
the re-invitation, speaking instead at the Minneapolis Convention Center
at an event hosted by Metro State University.[51]
[edit] United Nations role
Portrait of Tutu, 30" x 40" oil on canvas by Dick Zimmerman
In 2003, he was elected to the Board of Directors of the International
Criminal Court's Trust Fund for Victims.[52] He was named a member of
the UN advisory panel on genocide prevention in 2006.[53]
However, Tutu has also criticised the UN, particularly on the issue of
West Papua. Tutu expressed support for the West Papuan independence
movement, criticizing the United Nations' role in the takeover of West
Papua by Indonesia. Tutu said: "For many years the people of South
Africa suffered under the yoke of oppression and apartheid. Many people
continue to suffer brutal oppression, where their fundamental dignity as
human beings is denied. One such people is the people of West
Papua."[54]
Tutu was named to head a United Nations fact-finding mission to the Gaza
Strip town of Beit Hanoun, where, in a November 2006 incident the Israel
Defense Forces killed 19 civilians after troops wound up a week-long
incursion aimed at curbing Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel from the
town.[55] Tutu planned to travel to the Palestinian territory to "assess
the situation of victims, address the needs of survivors and make
recommendations on ways and means to protect Palestinian civilians
against further Israeli assaults," according to the president of the UN
Human Rights Council, Luis Alfonso De Alba.[56] Israeli officials
expressed concern that the report would be biased against Israel. Tutu
cancelled the trip in mid-December, saying that Israel had refused to
grant him the necessary travel clearance after more than a week of
discussions.[57] However, Tutu and British academic Christine Chinkin
are now due to visit the Gaza Strip via Egypt and will file a report at
the September 2008 session of the Human Rights Council.[58]
[edit] Political views
[edit] Against poverty
Before the 31st G8 summit at Gleneagles, Scotland in 2005, Tutu called
on world leaders to promote free trade with poorer countries. Tutu also
called on an end to expensive taxes on anti-AIDS drugs. Tutu said:
"I would hope they would begin to say, 'lets to do something about
subsidies'. You ask the so-called-developing world, 'Why can't you
people produce more?' - and they produce - and then they find that the
markets have barriers that are put down or are clobbered twice
over."[59]
Following this summit, the G8 leaders promised to increase aid to
developing countries by $48bn a year by 2010. Further, they gave their
word of honour that they would do the best they could to achieve
universal access to prevention and treatment for the millions and
millions of people globally threatened by HIV/AIDS.
Before the 32nd G8 summit in Germany in 2007, Tutu called on the G8 to
focus on poverty in the Third World. Following the United Nations
Millennium Summit in 2000, it appeared that world leaders were
determined as never before to set and meet specific goals regarding
extreme poverty.[60]
[edit] Against unilateralism
Tutu and USA President George W. Bush on the cover of Vanity Fair
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In January 2003, Tutu attacked British Prime Minister Tony Blair's
stance in supporting American President George W. Bush over Iraq. The
alliance of Britain and the United States of America led to the outbreak
of the Iraq War later that year. Tutu asked why Iraq was being singled
out when Europe, India and Pakistan also had weapons of mass
destruction. Tutu demanded:
"When does compassion, when does morality, when does caring come in? I
just hope that one day that people will realise that peace is a far
better path to follow. Many, many of us are deeply saddened to see a
great country such as the United States aided and abetted
extraordinarily by Britain. I have a great deal of time for your prime
minister but I'm shocked to see a powerful country use its power
frequently, unilaterally. The United States says you do this to the
world, if you don't do it we will do it - that's sad."[61]
In October 2004, Tutu appeared in a play at Off Broadway, New York
called Guantanamo - Honor-bound to Defend Freedom. This play was highly
critical of the US handling of detainees at Guantanamo Bay. Tutu played
Lord Justice Steyn, a judge who questions the legal justification of the
detention regime.[62]
In January 2005, Tutu added his voice to the growing dissent over
terrorist suspects held at Camp X-Ray in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, referring
to detentions without trial as "utterly unacceptable." Tutu compared
these detentions to those under Apartheid. Tutu also emphasised that
when South Africa had used those methods the country had been condemned,
however when powerful countries such as Britain and the United States of
America had invoked such power the world was silent and in that silence
accepted their methods even though they violated essential human rights.
Tutu said:
The rule of law is in order to ensure that those who have power don't
use their power arbitrarily and every person retains their human rights
until you have proven conclusively that so-and-so is in fact guilty.
Whilst we are saying thank you that these have been released, what is
happening to those left behind? We in South Africa used to have a
dispensation that detained people without trial and the world quite
rightly condemned that as unacceptable. Now if it was unacceptable then
how come it can be acceptable to Britain and the United States. It is
so, so deeply distressing. I am opposed to any arbitrary detention that
is happening, even in Britain.[63]
In February 2006, Tutu repeated these statements after a UN report was
published which called for the closure of the camp. Tutu stated that the
Guantanamo Bay camp was a stain on the character of the United States,
while the legislation in Britain which gave a 28 day detention period
for terror suspects was "excessive" and "untenable". Tutu pointed out
that similar arguments were being made in Britain and the United States
which the South African apartheid regime had used. "It is disgraceful
and one cannot find strong enough words to condemn what Britain and the
United States and some of their allies have accepted," said Tutu. Tutu
also attacked Tony Blair's failed attempt to hold terrorist suspects in
Britain for up to 90 days without charge. "Ninety days for a South
African is an awful deja-vu because we had in South Africa in the bad
old days a 90-day detention law," he said. Under apartheid, as at
Guantanamo Bay, people were held for "unconscionably long periods" and
then released, he said. Tutu stated:
"Are you able to restore to those people the time when their freedom was
denied them? If you have evidence for goodness sake produce it in a
court of law. People with power have an incredible capacity for wanting
to be able to retain that power and don't like scrutiny."[64]
In 2007, Tutu stated that the global "war on terror" could not be won if
people were living in desperate conditions. Tutu said that the global
disparity between rich and poor people creates instability.
"You can never win a war against terror as long as there are conditions
in the world that make people desperate - poverty, disease, ignorance,
et cetera. I think people are beginning to realize that you can't have
pockets of prosperity in one part of the world and huge deserts of
poverty and deprivation and think that you can have a stable and secure
world."[65]
[edit] Against HIV/AIDS and TB
Tutu has been a tireless campaigner for health and human rights, and has
been particularly vocal in support of controlling TB and HIV.[66] He has
served as the honorary chairman for the Global AIDS Alliance. In 2003
the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre was founded in Cape Town, while the Desmond
Tutu TB Centre was founded in 2003 at Stellenbosch University. Tutu
suffered from TB in his youth and has been active in assisting those
afflicted, especially as TB and HIV/AIDS deaths have become
intrinsically linked in South Africa. “Those of you who work to
care for people suffering from AIDS and TB are wiping a tear from
God’s eye,†Tutu said.[66]
On 20 April 2005, after Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger was elected as Pope
Benedict XVI, Tutu said he was sad that the Roman Catholic Church was
unlikely to change its opposition to condoms amidst the fight against
HIV/AIDS in Africa: "We would have hoped for someone more open to the
more recent developments in the world, the whole question of the
ministry of women and a more reasonable position with regards to condoms
and HIV/AIDS."[67]
In 2007, statistics were released that indicated HIV and AIDS numbers
were lower than previously thought in South Africa. However, Tutu named
these statistics "cold comfort" as it was unacceptable that 600 people
died of AIDS in South Africa every day. Tutu also rebuked the government
for wasting time by discussing what caused HIV/AIDS, which particularly
attacks Mbeki and Health Minister Manto Tshabalala-Msimang for their
denialist stance.[68]
[edit] Church reform
In 2002, Tutu called for a reform of the Anglican Church in regard to
how its leader, the Archbishop of Canterbury is chosen. The ultimate
appointment is made by the British Prime Minister and thus Tutu said
that the selection process will only be properly democratic and
representative when the link between church and state is broken. In
February 2006 Tutu took part in the 9th Assembly of the World Council of
Churches, held in Porto Alegre, Brazil. There he manifested his
commitment to ecumenism and praised the efforts of Christian churches to
promote dialogue to diminish their differences. For Tutu, "a united
church is no optional extra."
In the debate about Anglican views of homosexuality he has opposed
Christian discrimination against homosexuals while suggesting homosexual
church leaders should currently remain celibate. Commenting days after
the 5 August 2003 election of Gene Robinson, an openly gay man to be a
bishop in the Episcopal Church in the United States of America, Tutu
said, "In our Church here in South Africa, that doesn't make a
difference. We just say that at the moment, we believe that they should
remain celibate and we don't see what the fuss is about."[69] Tutu has
remarked that it is sad the Church is spending time disagreeing on
sexual orientation "when we face so many devastating problems â€"
poverty, HIV/AIDS, war and conflict".[70]
Tutu has increased his criticism of conservative attitudes to
homosexuality within his own church, equating homophobia with racism.
Stating at a conference in Nairobi that he is "deeply disturbed that in
the face of some of the most horrendous problems facing Africa, we
concentrate on 'what do I do in bed with whom'".[71] In an interview
with BBC Radio 4 on 18 November 2007, Tutu accused the church of being
obsessed with homosexuality and declared: "If God, as they say, is
homophobic, I wouldn't worship that God."[72]
[edit] Academic role
In 1998, he was appointed as the Robert R Woodruff Visiting Professor at
Emory University, Atlanta. He returned to Emory University the following
year as the William R Cannon Visiting Distinguished Professor. In 2000,
he founded the Desmond Tutu Peace Foundation to raise funds for the
Desmond Tutu Peace Centre in Cape Town. The following year he launched
the Desmond Tutu Peace Foundation USA, which is designed to work with
universities nationwide to create leadership academies emphasising
peace, social justice and reconciliation.
In 2001, the Desmond Tutu Educational Trust, with funding from the W.K.
Kellogg Foundation, launched the Desmond Tutu Footprints of the Legends
Awards which recognises leadership in combating prejudice, human rights,
research and poverty eradication. Since 2004, he has been a Visiting
Professor at King's College London, although in 2007, he joined 600
college students and sailed around the world with Semester at Sea.[73]
[edit] Honours
See also: List of honours for Desmond Tutu
The 14th Dalai Lama & Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Nobel Peace Prize
winners. Photo by Carey Linde. 2004
Tutu at the University of Pennsylvania
On 16 October 1984, Tutu was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. The Nobel
Committee cited his "role as a unifying leader figure in the campaign to
resolve the problem of apartheid in South Africa."[74] This was seen as
a gesture of support for him and The South African Council of Churches
which he led at that time. In 1987 Tutu was awarded the Pacem in Terris
Award.[75] It was named after a 1963 encyclical letter by Pope John
XXIII that calls upon all people of good will to secure peace among all
nations.[76] In 1992, he was awarded the Bishop John T. Walker
Distinguished Humanitarian Service Award.
In June 1999, Tutu was invited to give the annual Wilberforce Lecture in
Kingston upon Hull, commemorating the life and achievements of the
anti-slavery campaigner William Wilberforce. Tutu used the occasion to
praise the people of the city for their traditional support of freedom
and for standing with the people of South Africa in their fight against
apartheid. He was also presented with the freedom of the city.[77]
In 1978 Tutu was awarded a fellowship of King's College London, of which
he is an alumnus. He returned to King's in 2004 as Visiting Professor in
Post-Conflict Studies. The Student Union nightclub, Tutu's, is named in
his honour.[78]
Tutu has been awarded the freedom of the city in cities in Italy, Wales,
England and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. He has received
numerous doctorates and fellowships at distinguished universities. He
has been named a Grand Officer of the Légion d'honneur by France,
Germany has awarded him the Order of Merit Grand Cross, while he
received the Sydney Peace Prize in 1999. He is also the recipient of the
Gandhi Peace Prize, the King Hussein Prize and the Marion Doenhoff Prize
for International Reconciliation and Understanding. In 2008, Governor
Rod Blagojevich of Illinois proclaimed the 13 May 'Desmond Tutu Day'. On
his visit to Illinois, Tutu was awarded the Lincoln Leadership Prize and
unveiled his portrait which will be displayed at the Abraham Lincoln
Presidential Library in Springfield.[79]
[edit] Media/film appearances
Tutu at the "Deutscher Evangelischer Kirchentag" 2007
For the Bible Tells Me So (2007)
Virgin Radio (2007) - Tutu contacted Virgin Radio on 15 October 2007 in
the "Who's Calling Christian" phone in where famous people ring in to
raise a substantial amount of money for charity.
The Foolishness of God: Desmond Tutu and Forgiveness (2007)
(post-production) .... Himself
Our Story Our Voice (2007) (completed) .... Himself
2006 Trumpet Awards (2006) (TV) .... Himself
De skrev historie .... Himself (1 episode, 2005)
The Shot That Shook the World (2005) (TV) .... Himself
The Peace! DVD (2005) (V) .... Himself
The Charlie Rose Show .... Himself (1 episode, 2005)
Out of Africa: Heroes and Icons (2005) (TV) .... Himself
Big Ideas That Changed the World (2005) (mini) TV Series .... Himself
Breakfast with Frost .... Himself (3 episodes, 2004-2005)
Tavis Smiley .... Himself (1 episode, 2005)
The South Bank Show .... Himself (1 episode, 2005)
Wall Street: A Wondering Trip (2004) (TV) .... Himself
The Daily Show .... Himself (1 episode, 2004)
Bonhoeffer (2003) .... Himself
Long Night's Journey Into Day (2000) (as Archbishop Desmond Tutu) ....
Himself
Epidemic Africa (1999) .... Host
Cape Divided (1999) .... Himself
A Force More Powerful (1999) .... Himself
[edit] Writings
Tutu has contributed to the field of social psychology. His writing
appeared in Greater Good Magazine, published by the Greater Good Science
Center of the University of California, Berkeley. His contributions
include the interpretation of scientific research into the roots of
compassion, altruism, and peaceful human relationships. His most recent
article with Greater Good magazine is titled: "Why to Forgive", which
examines how forgiveness is not only personally rewarding, but also
politically necessary in allowing South Africa to have a new beginning.
However, Tutu states that forgiveness is not turning a blind eye to
wrongs; true reconciliation exposes the awfulness, the abuse, the pain,
the hurt, the truth. It could even sometimes make things worse. It is a
risky undertaking but in the end it is worthwhile, because in the end
only an honest confrontation with reality can bring healing.
Tutu is the author of seven collections of sermons and other writings:
Crying in the Wilderness, Eerdmans, 1982. ISBN 978-0802802705
Hope and Suffering: Sermons and Speeches, Skotaville, 1983. ISBN
978-0620067768
The Words of Desmond Tutu, Newmarket, 1989. ISBN 978-1557047199
Worshipping Church in Africa, Duke University Press, 1995. ASIN
B000K5WB02
The Essential Desmond Tutu, David Phillips Publishers, 1997. ISBN
978-0864863461
No Future without Forgiveness, Doubleday, 1999. ISBN 978-0-385-49689-6
An African Prayerbook, Doubleday, 2000. ISBN 978-0385-47730-7
God Has a Dream: A Vision of Hope for Our Time, Doubleday, 2004. ISBN
978-0385-47784-0
The Rainbow People of God: The Making of a Peaceful Revolution,
Doubleday, 1994. ISBN 978-0-385-47546-4
Tutu has also co authored numerous books:
"Bounty in Bondage: Anglican Church in Southern Africa - Essays in
Honour of Edward King, Dean of Cape Town" with Frank England, Torguil
Paterson, and Torquil Paterson (1989)
"Resistance Art in South Africa" with Sue Williamson (1990)
The Rainbow People of God with John Allen (1994)
"Freedom from Fear: And Other Writings" with Vaclav Havel and Aung San
Suu Kyi (1995)
"Reconciliation: The Ubuntu Theology of Desmond Tutu" with Michael J.
Battle (1997)
"Exploring Forgiveness" with Robert D. Enright and Joanna North (1998)
"Love in Chaos: Spiritual Growth and the Search for Peace in Northern
Ireland" with Mary McAleese (1999)
"Race and Reconciliation in South Africa (Global Encounters: Studies in
Comparative Political Theory)" with William Vugt and G. Daan Cloete
(2000)
"South Africa: A Modern History" with T.R.H. Davenport and Christopher
Saunders (2000)
"At the Side of Torture Survivors: Treating a Terrible Assault on Human
Dignity" with Bahman Nirumand, Sepp Graessner and Norbert Gurris (2001)
"Place of Compassion" with Kenneth E. Luckman (2001)
"Passion for Peace: Exercising Power Creatively" with Stuart Rees (2002)
"Out of Bounds (New Windmills)" with Beverley Naidoo (2003)
"Fly, Eagle, Fly!" with Christopher Gregorowski and Niki Daly (2003)
"Sex, Love and Homophobia: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Lives"
with Amnesty International, Vanessa Baird and Grayson Perry (2004)
"Toward a Jewish Theology of Liberation" with Gustavo Gutierrez and Marc
H. Ellis (2004)
"Radical Compassion: The Life and Times of Archbishop Ted Scott" with
Hugh McCullum (2004)
"Third World Health: Hostage to First World Wealth" with Theodore
MacDonald (2005)
"Where God Happens: Discovering Christ in One Another and Other Lessons
from the Desert Fathers" with Rowan Williams (2005)
"Health, Trade and Human Rights" with Mogobe Ramose and Theodore H.
MacDonald (2006)
"The Soul of a New Cuisine: A Discovery of the Foods and Flavors of
Africa" with Marcus Samuelsson, Heidi Sacko Walters and Gediyon Kifle
(2006)
"The Gospel According to Judas WMA: By Benjamin Iscariot" with Jeffrey
Archer, Frank Moloney (2007)
[edit] See also
Black Nobel Prize laureates
[edit] Notes
^ "Tutu to be honoured with Gandhi Peace Award". Retrieved on
2008-11-11.
^ Miller, Lindsay. "Desmond Tutu - A Man with a Mission". Retrieved on
2008-06-01.
^ a b Aarvik, Egil (1984). "Presentation Speech of 1984 Nobel Prize for
Peace". The Nobel Foundation. Retrieved on 2008-06-01.
^ a b Wood, Lawrence (17 October 2006). "Tutu's story". The Christian
Century. Retrieved on 2008-04-04.
^ "Our Patron - Archbishop Desmond Tutu". Cape Town Child Welfare.
Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
^ a b "Trevor Tutu freed from prison after being granted amnesty". SAPA
(28 November 1997). Retrieved on 2008-06-01.
^ "Tutu's son in amnesty bid". Dispatch (27 September 1997). Retrieved
on 2008-06-01.
^ "Nontombi Naomi Tutu". Kent State University. Retrieved on 2008-06-01.
^ "Reverend Mpho Tutu". 2004 Women of Distinction (2004). Retrieved on
2008-06-01.
^ "The Reverend Mpho A. Tutu". Tutu Institute. Retrieved on 2208-06-01.
^ Prostate Cancer Foundation of South Africa (3 March 2007). "Taking the
fight against prostate cancer to South Africans". Press release.
Retrieved on 2008-04-23.
^ Tutu, Desmond (1994). The Rainbow People of God: The Making of a
Peaceful Revolution. Doubleday.
^ "Tutu calls for church reform". BBC (10 June 2002). Retrieved on
2008-01-23.
^ Carlin, John (12 November 2006). "Former aide John Allen’s
authorised biography offers an intimate view of Desmond Tutu". The
Observer. Retrieved on 2008-04-04.
^ London Gazette: no. 54002, page 5286, 7 April 1995. Retrieved on
2008-06-05.
^ a b "Fact Sheet: Archbishop Desmond Mpilo Tutu" (19 January 2006).
Retrieved on 2008-06-01.
^ "Tutu calls for child registration". BBC (22 February 2005). Retrieved
on 2008-01-23.
^ a b c "Archbishop Desmond Tutu lambasts African silence on Zimbabwe".
USA Today (2007). Retrieved on 2008-04-04.
^ Tutu, Mbeki & others (2005). "Controversy: Tutu, Mbeki & the freedom
to criticise". Centre for Civil Society.
^ a b "Tutu warns of poverty 'powder keg'". BBC (23 November 2004).
^ Maclennan, Ben (2 December 2004). "Quotes of the Week". Sapa.
^ Carlin, John. "Interview with Tutu". PBS Frontline. Retrieved on
2006-09-07.
^ "S Africa is losing its way - Tutu". BBC (27 September 2006).
^ "Zuma camp lashes out at 'old' Tutu" (1 September 2006). Retrieved on
2006-09-01.
^ "'Please, please stop'". News24 (19 May 2008). Retrieved on
2008-05-31.
^ The Elders (18 July 2007). "Nelson Mandela and Desmond Tutu Announce
The Elders". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
^ "Tutu denounces rights abuses". News24 (10 December 2007). Retrieved
on 2008-01-23.
^ "Raw Video: Desmond Tutu On SF Torch Relay". CBS (8 April 2008).
Retrieved on 2008-04-10.
^ "San Francisco set for torch relay". BBC (9 April 2008). Retrieved on
2008-04-09.
^ "Zimbabwe needs your help, Tutu tells Brown". Daily Telegraph (19
September 2007). Retrieved on 2008-04-04.
^ "Tutu urges Zimbabwe intervention". BBC (29 June 2008).
^ John Allen (10 October 2007). "Working with a rabble-rouser". Times
Online. Retrieved on 2008-01-22.
^ "Desmond Tutu Quotes". South African History Online (2007). Retrieved
on 2008-01-23.
^ a b c "‘Mugabe must step down with dignity’". The
Times (2 April 2008). Retrieved on 2008-04-04.
^ a b c d "Apartheid in the Holy Land". The Guardian (29 April 2002).
Retrieved on 2006-11-28.
^ "Israeli apartheid". The Nation (275): 4-5. 2002-06-27,
http://www.thenation.com/doc/20020715/tutu. Retrieved on 28 November
2006.
^ Tutu drew this comparison on a Christmas visit to Jerusalem in 1989,
when he said that he is a "black South African, and if I were to change
the names, a description of what is happening in Gaza and the West Bank
could describe events in South Africa." Ruby, Walter (1 February 1989).
"Tutu says Israel's policy in territories remind him of SA", Jerusalem
Post. He made similar comments in 2002, speaking of "the humiliation
of the Palestinians at checkpoints and roadblocks, suffering like us
when young white police officers prevented us from moving about"."Tutu
condemns Israeli apartheid". BBC (29 April 2002). Retrieved on
2006-11-28.
^ Shimoni, Gideon (1988). "South African Jews and the Apartheid Crisis"
(PDF). American Jewish Year Book (American Jewish Committee) 88: 50,
http://www.ajcarchives.org/AJC_DATA/Files/1988_3_SpecialArticles.pdf.
The precise wording of Tutu's statement has been reported differently in
different sources. A subsequent Toronto Star article indicates that he
described Zionism "as a policy that looks like it has many parallels
with racism, the effect is the same. {cite news|last = Barthos|first =
Gordon|title = Israelis uneasy about Tutu's Yule visit |publisher =
Toronto Star| date = 20 December 1989| url = | accessdate = }}
^ a b "Tutu Urges Jews to Forgive The Nazis", San Francisco Chronicle
(27 December 1989).
^ "Tutu assailed", Chicago Sun-Times (30 December 1989), p. 13.
^ Anti-Defamation League (2006). "ADL Blasts Appointment Of Desmond Tutu
As Head Of U.N. Fact Finding Mission To Gaza". Press release. Retrieved
on 2007-10-04.
^ Phillips, Melanie (6 May 2002). "Bigotry and a corruption of the
truth", Daily Mail.
^ Tutu, Desmond (forward) (2005). in Michael Prior: Speaking the Truth:
Zionism, Israel, and Occupation. Olive Branch Press, 12.
^ "Desmond Tutu lends his name to Sabeel". comeandsee.com (18 June
2003). Retrieved on 2006-12-04.
^ "A call for morally responsible investment: A Nonviolent Response to
the Occupation". Sabeel (April 2005). Retrieved on 2007-10-03.
^ "Tutu Honor Too Too Much?". Jewish Week.
^ Derfner, Larry (15 October 2006). "Anti-Semite and Jew", Jerusalem
Post, p. 15.
^ Furst, Randy (4 October 2007). "St. Thomas won't host Tutu".
Minneapolis Star Tribune.
^ Furst, Randy (15 October 2007). "St. Thomas urged to reconsider its
decision not to invite Tutu". Minneapolis Star Tribune. Retrieved on
2007-10-07.
^ "UST president says he made wrong decision, invites Tutu to campus".
University of St. Thomas Bulletin. Retrieved on 2007-10-07.
^ Mador, Jessica (12 April 2008). "Desmond Tutu avoids politics while
talking about peace". Minnesota Public Radio. Retrieved on 2008-05-06.
^ "Amnesty International welcomes the election of a Board of Directors".
Amnesty International (12 September 2003). Retrieved on 2007-08-01.
^ "Desmond Tutu turns 75". News24 (6 October 2006). Retrieved on
2008-01-22.
^ "Statement by Archbishop Desmond Tutu, South Africa". West Papuan
Action (23 February 2004). Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
^ Slosberg, Jacob (29 November 2006). "Tutu to head UN rights mission to
Gaza". Jerusalem Post.
^ Hoffman, Gil; Keinon, Herb (19 December 2006). "Israel may give no-no
to Tutu's trip to Beit Hanun". Jerusalem Post.
^ "Desmond Tutu says Israel refused fact-finding mission to Gaza".
International Herald Tribune (11 December 2006).
^ "Tutu heads for Gaza Strip". News24 (26 May 2008). Retrieved on
2008-05-31.
^ "Archbishop Tutu calls for G8 help". BBC (2005-03-17). Retrieved on
2008-01-23.
^ World Aids Campaign (2006-10-19). "Desmond Tutu: Keep your Promises".
Press release. Retrieved on 2008-04-04.
^ "Tutu condemns Blair's Iraq stance". BBC (5 January 2003). Retrieved
on 2008-01-23.
^ "Tutu in anti-Guantanamo theatre". BBC (2 October 2004). Retrieved on
2008-01-23.
^ "Tutu calls for Guantanamo release". BBC (12 January 2005). Retrieved
on 2008-01-22.
^ "Tutu calls for Guantanamo closure". BBC (17 February 2006). Retrieved
on 2008-01-22.
^ "Tutu: Poverty fueling terror". CNN (2007-09-16). Retrieved on
2008-04-04.
^ a b "Archbischop Desmond Tutu urges TB/HIV workers to continue to
relieve suffering from dual scourges". Desmond Tutu HIV Centre
(2005-09-28). Retrieved on 2008-04-24.
^ "Africans hail conservative Pope". BBC News (2005-04-20). Retrieved on
2006-05-26.
^ "Aids stats 'cold comfort'- Tutu". News24 (2007-11-30). Retrieved on
2008-04-04.
^ "Desmond Tutu: gay bishop row is just "fuss"". Gay.com UK
(2006-08-11). Retrieved on 2006-05-26.
^ "Tutu calls on Anglicans to accept gay bishop". Spero News
(2005-11-14). Retrieved on 2006-05-26.
^ "Tutu stands up for gays". Pink News (2007-01-19).
^ "Desmond Tutu chides Church for gay stance". BBC (2007-11-18).
^ "Nobel Peace Prize Winner Archbishop Desmond Tutu to Sail with
Semester at Sea for Entire Spring Semester". University of Virginia
(2006-09-26). Retrieved on 2008-01-05.
^ Norwegian Nobel Committee. "The Nobel Peace Prize for 1984". Press
release. Retrieved on 2006-05-26.
^ Gish, Steven (1963). Desmond Tutu: A Biography. Greenwood Press, 126.
Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
^ Habitat for Humanity (2007-11-01). "Habitat for Humanity Lebanon
Chairman to receive prestigious Pacem in Terris Peace and Freedom
Award". Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
^ "1999 Lecture: Archbishop Desmond Tutu". Wilberforce Lecture Trust.
Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
^ King's College London, "Famous People: Desmond Tutu".
^ "Gov. Blagojevich Proclaims Today "Desmond Tutu Day" in Illinois".
Press release. Retrieved on 2008-06-06.
[edit] Further reading
Shirley du Boulay, Tutu: Voice of the Voiceless (Eerdmans, 1988).
Michael J. Battle, Reconciliation: The Ubuntu Theology of Desmond Tutu
(Pilgrim Press, 1997).
Steven D. Gish, Desmond Tutu: A Biography (Greenwood, 2004).
David Hein, "Bishop Tutu's Christology." Cross Currents 34 (1984):
492-99.
David Hein, "Religion and Politics in South Africa." Modern Age 31
(1987): 21-30.
John Allen, Rabble-Rouser for Peace: The Authorised Biography of Desmond
Tutu (Rider Books, 2007).
[edit] External links
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:
Desmond Tutu
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Desmond Tutu
Desmond Tutu Diversity Trust
The Desmond Tutu Peace Centre
Tutu Foundation UK
Archbishop Desmond Tutu Centre for War and Peace Studies at Liverpool
Hope University
IMDB Profile
Nobel lecture, 11 December 1984
Desmond Tutu on The Hour
http://greatergood.berkeley.edu/greatergood/archive/2004fallwinter/Fall04_Tutu.pdf
Dalai Lama, Bishop Tutu Join Seattle Interfaith Discussion
Preceded by
Philip Welsford Richmond Russell
Anglican Archbishop of Cape Town
1986-1996Succeeded by
Njongonkulu Ndungane
v • d • e
Nobel Peace Prize laureates
Betty Williams / Mairead Corrigan (1976) · Amnesty International
(1977) · Anwar El Sadat / Menachem Begin (1978) · Mother
Teresa (1979) · Adolfo Pérez Esquivel (1980) · United
Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (1981) · Alva Myrdal /
Alfonso GarcÃa Robles (1982) · Lech WaÅ‚Ä™sa
(1983) · Desmond Tutu (1984) · International Physicians
for the Prevention of Nuclear War (1985) · Elie Wiesel
(1986) · Ã"scar Arias (1987) · UN Peacekeeping
(1988) · Tenzin Gyatso (14th Dalai Lama) (1989) · Mikhail
Gorbachev (1990) · Aung San Suu Kyi (1991) · Rigoberta
Menchú (1992) · Nelson Mandela / F.W. de Klerk
(1993) · Yasser Arafat / Shimon Peres / Yitzhak Rabin
(1994) · Pugwash Conferences / Joseph Rotblat (1995) ·
Carlos Belo / José Ramos-Horta (1996) · International
Campaign to Ban Landmines / Jody Williams (1997) · John Hume /
David Trimble (1998) · Médecins Sans Frontières
(1999) · Kim Dae-jung (2000)
Complete roster · 1901â€"1925 ·
1926â€"1950 · 1951â€"1975 ·
1976â€"2000 · 2001â€"present
v • d • e
Sydney Peace Prize laureates
Muhammad Yunus (1998) · Desmond Tutu (1999) · Xanana
Gusmão (2000) · William Deane (2001) · Mary Robinson
(2002) · Hanan Ashrawi (2003) · Arundhati Roy
(2004) · Olara Otunnu (2005) · Irene Khan (2006) ·
Hans Blix (2007)
v • d • e
Bishops of Lesotho
John Arrowsmith Maund • Desmond Mpilo Tutu • Philip
Stanley Mokuku • Andrew Thabo Duma • Joseph Mahapu
Tsubella •
v • d • e
Bishops of Johannesburg
Arthur Baillie Lumsdaine Karney • Geoffrey Hare
Clayton • Richard Ambrose Reeves • Leslie Edward
Stradling • Timothy John Bavin • Desmond Mpilo
Tutu • George Duncan Buchanan • Brian Charles
Germond •
v • d • e
Archbishops of Cape Town
Robert Gray • William West Jones • William
Marlborough Carter • Francis Robinson Phelps • John
Russell Darbyshire • Geoffrey Hare Clayton • Joost
de Blank • Robert Selby Taylor • Bill Bendyshe
Burnett • Philip Welsford Richmond Russell • Desmond
Mpilo Tutu • Winston Njongonkulo Ndungane • Thabo
Cecil Makgoba •
PersondataNAMETutu, Desmond MpiloALTERNATIVE NAMESSHORT DESCRIPTIONSouth
African churchman, politician, archbishop, Nobel Prize winnerDATE OF
BIRTH7 October 1931PLACE OF BIRTHKlerksdorp, Transvaal, South AfricaDATE
OF DEATHPLACE OF DEATH
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmond_Tutu"
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