I can't think of anything that's cat claw proof, unless you get the
chair covered in chain mail. Seriously.
Can you clip you cat's claws? If you can clip their front claws once a
week, they never really get a chance to get sharp, before you clip them
again. I did that with one of my cats.
Another thing you can do it put soft claws, claw coverings on your cat's
claws. This is somewhat expensive over time, but they last 4 to 6 weeks,
and it will save your furniture.
Second to those is simply getting them a really good scratching post
that they LIKE better than your expensive office chair.
I used to have an actual piece of wood with the tree bark still on it: I
got from a city crew that was cutting down a tree. I leaned it up
against a wall. It was about 4 feet tall.
The posts wrapped with sisal rope are usually pretty popular with cats;
often much more than carpet....which to many cats is pretty much the
same as the 'feel' they get from upholstered furniture.
Rubbing catnip, especially fresh catnip, will usually encourage a cat to
use a scratching post.
And, a scratching post needs to be tall enough for a cat to get a good
stretch while they use it. Half of their claw workout is enjoying a good
long stretch. I've seen 4 foot tall sisal wrapped scratch posts....and
some bigger cats can get close to reaching the top, when they really
stretch out.
Good luck!