Metasequoia 4 Serial Keygen And 16

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<div>J. ARNOLD ARBOR. 61: 41-94. 1980.The Metasequoia Flora and Its Phytogeographic SignificanceShiu Ying HuMY FIRST ASSOCIATION with Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu & Cheng was at the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University during the winter of 1948-1949. At that time help was needed to place fresh, recently imported metasequoia seed into small envelopes for distribution to botanical institutions, forest experiment stations, and interested individuals around the world. These seeds, mailed from Nanking, China, on November 29, 1948, and totaling 500 grams, were the second shipment received at the Arnold Arboretum. A letter from Professor W. C. Cheng concerning the shipment was later placed with the unmounted specimens of M. glyptostroboides that had been collected during the summer of 1948.</div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div>Metasequoia 4 Serial Keygen And 16</div><div></div><div>Download: https://t.co/0PwU69GfGL </div><div></div><div></div><div>In addition to the seed, five shipments of herbarium specimens collected in southwestern Hupeh Province between 1946 and 1948 were received at the Arnold Arboretum by the late Professor Elmer D. Merrill. In 1973 this herbarium material was turned over to me for identification, and this article is concerned with the information resulting from that undertaking. A systematic enumeration of all identifiable species represented in the five collections (an assemblage of species here termed the "metasequoia flora") is presented below. While the type locality of Metasequoia glyptostroboides is in eastern Szechwan, the specimens on which this work is based are from the general area (here referred to as the "metasequoia area") in Hupeh Province where M. glyptostroboides was later discovered growing in a 'natural population (see below). Also included are brief summaries of the expeditions that obtained the five collections, as well as a short account of earlier botanical collections from Central China, a description of the salient features of the metasequoia flora, an analysis of the gymnosperms that occur with metasequoia, and my interpretation of the metasequoia flora.</div><div></div><div></div><div>In 1950 K. L. Chu and W. S. Cooper published the results of an ecological reconnaissance of the metasequoia community. A posthumously published paper by E. H. Fulling (1976), along with additions published in 1977, summarizes the history of the discovery of Metasequoia glyptostroboides and presents an annotated bibliography of published references to metasequoia. Only information not available in these three readily available articles is included here.</div><div></div><div></div><div>Earlier authors have employed different spellings for the same collectors or localities. For those who lack a knowledge of the geography of the region and the Chinese language, these differences are often confusing. In this article, the following guidelines have been used in deciding between alternative spellings of Chinese personal and place names. For collectors the spellings on the herbarium labels have been used. However, with regard to the name of the man who discovered metasequoia, earlier authors have used either T. Wang or C. Wang. Since his publication with P. Y. Fu on Salix (1974) appeared under his name as Zhan Wang, the initial of his given name adopted here is Z.</div><div></div><div></div><div>The botanical expeditions that have contributed to our knowledge of the metasequoia flora are numerous. Some were mounted specifically for the investigation of the area in which Metasequoia glyptostroboides was discovered as an extant plant, while others were conducted for the general botanical exploration of the flora of Central China. Metasequoia glyptostroboides is now known to occur naturally in western Hupeh and adjacent Szechwan provinces southward to the hills of western Hunan (cf. Cheng, Fu, et al.,</div><div></div><div></div><div>1978, p. 310). It is of interest to note that several well-known collectors came within kilometers of the metasequoia area (MAP 1), but none penetrated it until 1943, the year when Z. Wang (FIGURE 1) first collected Metasequoia.</div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div><div>EARLIER COLLECTIONS FROM CENTRAL CHINA. Many historical collecting localities are within a 250 kilometer radius of the metasequoia area (MAP 1) and our present knowledge of the flora of Central China is largely the result of the expeditions and collecting activities of both western and Chinese botanists within this larger area. Europeans and Americans who had collected in Central China before the discovery of Metasequoia glyptostroboides include Thomas Watters, Augustine Henry, E. H. Wilson, P. Farges, A. von Rosthorn, A. C. Steward, the French missionaries E. Bodinier, J. Cavalerie, and J. Esquirol, and the Italian missionary C. Silvestri.</div><div></div><div></div><div>Active floristic investigations carried out by Chinese botanists in Central China did not begin until western-trained students of botany returned to China and became eminent in that country's educational institutions. Several of the Chinese botanists who received their training at the Arnold Arboretum, and whose activities have advanced our knowledge of the metasequoia flora either directly or indirectly, are mentioned here. The first was Professor S. S. Chien, who, immediately after his return to China, taught in the National Southeastern University of Nanking (later renamed National Central University and now merged with Nanking University). In the late 1920's he was responsible for developing the botanical collections of the newly established Biological Laboratories of the Science Society of China. One of his goals was to establish a reference herbarium; toward this end, he sent one of his students, Y. L. Keng, to collect in Kiangsu and Chekiang in 1927. In the spring of 1928, he sent W. P. Fang to Szechwan to collect at Chin-fu-shan and many other localities (MAP 1). Fang was born and raised in Chung Hsien, 60 kilometers from Mo-tao-chi, and only 75 kilometers west of the metasequoia area. Although he stopped and collected in Chung Hsien, he did not reach the metasequoia area. Duplicates of Fang's collections are deposited in the herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum.</div><div></div><div></div><div>H. H. Chung was another Arnold Arboretum-trained botanist, who, in the early 1930's, became Professor of Botany in the National Wu-Han University. In 1934 he sent Ho-chang Chow (= H. C. Cheo, who had accompanied A. N. Steward on expeditions to Kweichow and Kwangsi in 1931 and 1933, respectively) to botanize southwestern Hupeh Province. Chow (MAP 1) began to collect in Pa-tung in early May, and, to judge from data on his specimens, he went on to collect in Chien-shih in August. By September he had reached En-shih, a locality only 60 kilometers east of the metasequoia area. A set of Chow's collections is also in the Arnold Arboretum herbarium.</div><div></div><div></div><div>Professor H. H. Hu, the botanist who identified Z. Wang's collection as belonging to the genus Metasequoia Miki and who became senior author of the name Metasequoia glyptostroboides, was a pioneer Chinese student at the Arnold Arboretum and the first Chinese botanist to receive a doctorate from Harvard University. His loyalty to the Arnold Arboretum and his continuous collaboration with E. D. Merrill contributed to the discovery and subsequent wide distribution of metasequoia.</div><div></div><div></div><div>COLLECTIONS FROM THE METASEQUOIA AREA. The region from which the five collections discussed in this paper were gathered includes an area of approximately 800 square kilometers (cf. maps in Hu & Cheng, 1948; Chu & Cooper, 1950; and Merrill, 1948). Three-fourths of the specimens, however, are known to have been collected in the immediate vicinity of the metasequoia grove at Shui-sa-pa ("Water Fir Grove"); it is at this site that C. T. Hwa discovered a natural stand of mature, reproducing trees of Metasequoia glyptostroboides in the fall of 1947 (see below). According to Chu and Cooper, the metasequoia grove at Shui-sa-pa is located on a "strip [of land] along the main river 25 km. long and less than 1.5 km. wide. The altitude here ranges from 1,000 to 1,100 m." With the exception of Hwa's 1947 trip, so far as I am aware, all other expeditions to the area went straight to Shui-sa-pa.</div><div></div><div></div><div>The second shipment contained 179 specimens collected by C. T. Hwa during September, October, and November of 1947. Hwa's trip was financed by the Arnold Arboretum especially for the collection of metasequoia seed (Merrill, 1948). However, due to scant seed production, only a small amount was obtained. This was sent to the Arnold Arboretum, arriving there on January 5, 1948. The outstanding contribution of this expedition was neither the amount of seed nor the number of herbarium specimens collected, but the discovery of the location of an actively reproducing population of metasequoia at Shui-sa-pa in Hupeh Province.</div><div></div><div></div><div>During this trip Hwa gathered information from the local people about the occurrence of metasequoia, and he visited all known localities. In Wang-chia-ying, a large village in the Li-chuan District, he saw the largest known metasequoia tree, which measured about 50 meters in height, 3.3 meters in diameter across the basal buttresses, and 2.2 meters in diameter at breast height. Hwa's experiences and field observations laid the foundation for later explorers, and he served as guide for two of the three expeditions made during the spring and summer of 1948.</div><div></div><div></div><div>The third collection of specimens from the metasequoia area was made by Hwa in late February and early March, 1948, when he acted as guide for the expedition of Professor R. W. Chaney, paleobotanist and paleoecologist from the University of California, Berkeley, and Dr. M. Silverman, science writer for the San Francisco Chronicle. Although the party was in the metasequoia area for only five days, Hwa collected about 250 specimens. These were received at the Arnold Arboretum without labels, but each had a small tag bearing a number and Hwa's name in Chinese characters.</div><div></div><div></div><div>The fifth collection was made by Dr. J. L. Gressitt, of the Lingnan Natural History Museum and the California Academy of Sciences, who went with his assistant, Mr. Y. W. Djou, to conduct an entomological survey of the metasequoia area in late July, 1948. Gressitt left Shui-sa-pa in late August, while Djou remained there for an additional month. Since their specimens were collected to document the host plants of various insects, many have neither flowers nor fruits. A portion of the collection bears Gressitt's numbers 2401 to 2575, while the remainder have Djou's numbers 101 to 139.</div><div></div><div> dd2b598166</div>