HAMSADHWANI - List of Krithis and some info
Swami Pallasena
HAMSADHWANI, a Janya Ragam from Melam 29 Dheerasankarabharanam
is an audava-audava (Pentatonic scale) Ragam with swarams
Sa, Chatusruti Rishabham, Antara Gandharam, Pa, Kakali Nishadham.
(RI GU MA DHI NU)
Arohanam: Sa Ri Ga Pa Ni Sa
Avarohanam: Sa Ni Pa Ga Ri Sa
It is an Upanga Ragam; Shadja Graamam, the Jeeva swarams are
Ga and Ni;
The Rasa associated with this Ragam is 1``VIra''
Hamsadhwani is a ``Moorchana kaaraka Janya Ragam. The Panchama
Moorchana (Model shift of tonic) results in the Ragam
NagaswarAvali.
Hamsadhwani was the creation of Ramaswami Diskhitar (the father
of Muthuswami Diskshitar).
Here is a partial list of compositions in the Raagam HAMSADHWANI
(1 Lakshya Prabhandham, 2 Varnams, 34 Krithis, one Ragam tanam pallavi
line, and a few ragamalikas featuring this Ragam), and some Hindusthani
composition.
Thanks, Narayanaswami
LAKSHYA PRABHANDHAM
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Chandaseyarunda, Matyam (Ramaswami Dikshitar)
VARNAM
^^^^^^
JalajAkSa, Adi (Venkatasubbaiar)
PagavArI, Adi (Patnam Subrahmanya Iyer)
KRITHIS
^^^^^^^
SrI SubrahmaNyO, RUpakam (Ramaswamy Dikshithar) (who created
HAMSADHWANI)
VAtApi GaNapatim, Adi (Muthuswami Dikshitar)
PArvatIpatim, (Muthuswami Dikshitar)
VinAyaKA, Adi (Vina Kupayyar)
Raghu NAyakA, Adi (TYagaraja)
AbhISta Varada, Adi (Tyagaraja)
SrI Raghukula, Adi (Tyagaraja)
Chemda jErchagua, Adi )(Tyagaraja)
PAhi SrIpathE, Adi (Swati Tirunal)
VAraNamukha VA , RUpakam (Kotiswara Iyer)
Gam GaNapathE, RUpakam (Muthiah Bhagavathar)
Jaya MahiSAsura, RUpakam (Muthiah Bhagavathar)
ChAruvikrama, Adi (Muthiah Bhagavathar)
GarbhavAsam AriyAtha, Adi (Papanasam Sivan)
MUlAdhAra MUrthE, Adi (Papanasam SIvan)
KaruNai SeyvAy, Adi (Papanasam SIvan)
ParAsakthi Janani, Adi (Papanasam SIvan)
Manasu Karuga, RUpakam (Patnam SUbrahmanya Iyer)
MarachEdi NyAyamA, Adi (Patnam Subrahmanya Iyer)
PAlayAsu PadmanAbha, RUpakam (Mysore Vasudevachar)
VandE anisham aham, Adi (Mysore Vasudevachar)
Sri RAmAbhirAmA, Adi (Mysore Sadasiva Rao)
Kandanai KANAmal, Jhampa (Periyasami Thooran)
Kalai InbamEl, Adi (Periyasami Thooran)
Varavallabha RamaNaA, Adi (G. N. Balasubrahmanyam)
BhajAmahE, Adi (Thulaseevanam)
Dharma VidAyaka, Adi (Thulaseevanam)
GajavadanA, Adi (Purandaradasa)
Muthaitharuvan, Adi (Arunagirinatha)
Sajjanara sanga, RUpakam (Kanakadasa)
JnAnam PirappAdu, Adi (T. Lakshmanan Pillai)
Utrunai PAthu, Adi (T. Lakshmanan Pillai)
KOpak AgAdA, Misra Capu (Muthuswami Kavi)
PALLAVI (RTP)
^^^^^^^^
A Pallavi in HAMSASHWANI (sung by Charumathi Ramachandran in
some US concert):
``VinAyakA, VallabhA nAyakA, GajAnanA, gaNa nAyakA' - Siddhi-'
In the Ragamalika swara section of the RTP, Charumathi
renders five Ragams fitting to the five Krithis of Dikshitar
on Ganapati: They are
VinAYAka (Vegavahini), VallabhanAyaka (Begada),
GajAnanayutam (Cakravakam) and Gananayakam (Rudrapriya),
and Siddhi VinAyakam (ChAmaram)
RAGAMALIKAS
^^^^^^^^^^^
Hamsadwani features as a Ragam in many Ragamalikas.
Muthuswami Dikshitar's 4 Raga Ragamalika ``Porna chadra Bimba
Vadane'', one of the the featured Ragam is Hamsadhwani. We
find Hamsadhwani in the 16 Raga Ragamalika ``ArabhimAnam''
by Tarangampadi Panchnada Iyer (Neyveli Santhanagopalan
rendered in in many US cities recently!); also M. Santhanam
has a Ragamalika: ``NalinakAnthI matim'' (15 Ragams),
in which one of the Ragas is Hamsadhwani.
HINDUSTHANI COMPOSITIONS
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
BalamA NA JAvO - Tritaal (Madhya)
Kari Ho Sakhi - Tritaal (Madhya) - J. D. P. Patki
Yuvati Mana Daruna - Daadra Taal (Marathi stage song)
An Anecdote: One, Tiger Varadachariar was listening to a
poorly rendered hamdashwani by some musician, and he quipped:
This is not Hamdadhani - but Himsa dhvani!!
^
Srini Pichumani
>
>Hamsadhwani was the creation of Ramaswami Diskhitar (the father
>of Muthuswami Diskshitar).
A little legend ...
The inspiration for the raga name, "hamsadhvani", is supposed
to be the mystical dance associated with the Lord of Tiruvarur
(Shiva, known variedly as Tyagaraja, vIti viTanka, ADarava
kiNkiNiyAn) known as "hamsa" naTanam, "ajapA" naTanam, etc.
Ramasvami Dikshitar, who settled in Tiruvarur, observed the
music/sounds (from whence dhvani) for the day-to-day rituals
at this temple, and later he and his sons re-organized this
musical offering, and composed special kritis for various
occasions. The instruments used included the bAri nAgasvaram,
shuddha maddalam, etc...
>JalajAkSa, Adi (Venkatasubbaiar)
The 'sarva laghu' caraNam of this varNam has a nice trot to it.
N P G R N G R N P N P S N R S G
R P G N P S N R N G R N R N P G
P N S R G G P N S R R G P N S N
G R S N P R S N P G R N S R G P
The N G R, N R N P G sancAram is quite scintillating when
well-rendered.
>VinAyaKA, Adi (Vina Kupayyar)
This is NOT a composition of vINa kuppayyar although many
books/cassette-sleevenotes/programs give it as such. Apparently,
the mistake is due to the mudra "gOpAladAsa" that occurs in the
last phrase of the caraNam.
The real composer of this kriti was E.V.Ramakrishna Bhagavatar
of Elattur near Shencottah. His guru's name was Gopala Bhagavatar
and hence the mudra gOpAladAsa.
[Source: "pallavi svara kalpavalli", a book of Veena Kuppayyar
compositions, written by his own son Tiruvottriyur Tyagayyar,
and re-edited/printed in Tamil script by Terazhandur Ranganathan]
>Muthuswami Dikshitar's 4 Raga Ragamalika ``Porna chadra Bimba
>Vadane'', one of the the featured Ragam is Hamsadhwani.
The line featuring hamsadhvani is
ahar nisham prakAshamAna hamsadhvani virAjite ...
An interesting fact about this ragamalika is that all the rAgas
used - pUrNacandrikA, sarasvati manohari, shuddha vasantha,
hamsadhvani, nAgadhvani - belong to the ShankarAbharaNa mElam
as per the tradition followed by Dikshitar.
Hence, in her book "Sacred Songs of India: Dikshitar's cycle
of hymns to the Goddess Kamala", Prof.Emmie Te Nijenhuis, a
Dutch musicologist, enumerates that Dikshitar composed, quite
illustratively, in the
1. Shankarabharanam scale viz. his nOTTusvarams
2. Shankarabharana rAga i.e. kritis like dakShiNAmurte,
akShaya linga vibho, shrI
kamalAmbikayA
3. Shankarabharanam mElam, especially this ragamalika,
in addition to various kritis
in upAnga/bhAShAnga rAgas.
-Srini.