Sunday Dialogue: Is Classical Music Dying?
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/25/opinion/sunday/sunday-dialogue-is-classical-music-dying.html
Readers react to a violinist's fear that its audience is declining.
To the Editor:
A schoolboy recently asked me if Richard Wagner was a pitcher for
the Yankees. At that moment I feared that classical music in America
was doomed.
Or is it? The dying of the classical recording industry, which began
in the 1990s, is indeed a cause for despair. There seem to be,
sadly, other harbingers of the death of classical music in America:
¶The recent labor disputes of American orchestras due to decreased
budgets and donor support.
¶The reduction or outright cancellation of Metropolitan Opera and
New York Philharmonic tours and concerts in the parks.
¶The demise of classical music radio stations across America.
¶The increased media focus on rock and pop superstars, while
classical music managements have difficulty booking concerts for
their artists.
Nonetheless, there is a glimmer of hope that classical music can be
saved. The New York Philharmonic has just announced a partnership
with the Shanghai Symphony Orchestra. The Metropolitan Opera
introduced live telecasts of its performances nationwide. New venues
are springing up to accommodate the excellent classical ensembles
and soloists emerging from music conservatories. Symphony orchestras
have at least temporarily settled their labor disputes.
The future of classical music lies with the younger generation,
which must be weaned away from the cacophony of rock and the neon
glitter of "American Idol"-type TV shows. Instead of dragging
children to concerts, where they squirm with boredom, rent some old
movies featuring soundtracks of classical music.
Even toddlers can be exposed to classical music through animated
films like "Fantasia" and "Peter and the Wolf." Elementary
schoolchildren would love "What's Opera, Doc?" (1957), with its
thrilling Wagnerian soundtrack as Elmer Fudd chases Bugs Bunny. Tell
them the great music is by Richard Wagner. At least this audience
will not think that he pitched for the Yankees.
LES DREYER
New York, Nov. 16, 2012
The writer is a retired violinist with the Metropolitan Opera
Orchestra.
Readers React
Les Dreyer accurately describes the steady decline of classical
music, and his points are well taken. That said, when he calls for
parents to pull their children away from the cacophony of rock, he
is making a generational error, for it's not today's children who
have been missed by classical music, but their parents who grew up
on rock and roll.
The failure to bring younger audiences to classical music happened
more than 30 years ago. Now, while classic rock remains a vibrant
radio format, and artists like the Rolling Stones, Billy Joel, The
Who and Elton John continue to be popular, middle-agers who never
migrated to classical music are content with the songs they grew up
on. Too many of those listeners were never introduced to the power
of Beethoven, the elegance of Mozart or the soulfulness of Mahler,
and if they were, it was the aural equivalent of "eating your
vegetables."
But it's not too late. What is needed is a well-funded national plan
--probably via philanthropy--to market this great music. It needs
to be packaged as an experience, not an education; passion needs to
be reintroduced. Then we need to re-brand classical radio. That
doesn't mean dumbing down; it means taking what is great and putting
it in a package the target market recognizes.
So it's not hopeless, but arresting decline is not easy. What is in
our favor, however, is that the product, the music, is incredible
and can transcend generations.
ANTHONY RUDEL
Stamford, Conn., Nov. 19, 2012
The writer is the author of "Classical Music Top 40" and was on air
and served as vice president of programming for WQXR FM and AM.
As a lifelong player and lover of music, I have to sadly shake my
head and say, Mr. Dreyer, you don't get it. Classical music is dying
because it is and long has been an expensive, mannered and stuffy
enterprise as far as the public is concerned.
For the past 40 years, rock has taught us that emoting and
participating with our bodies and voices are part of the show. You
can't do that in a concert hall. The entire society dresses
informally now; concerts still involve formal wear by the audience,
as if back in the 1890s.
Popular music has been growing exponentially in terms of newly
created music; classical orchestras are just "cover bands" playing
the same old tunes. Pop music has happily commingled every genre
under the sun; classical remains, well, classical.
I recall the thrill of hearing Beethoven's Fifth when I was a child
50 years ago. But has the business of classical music made any
significant advances in its appeal to the public since then, or kept
up with societal changes and consumer tastes? Not that I can see. It
should not surprise us, then, that this genre is on the ropes
financially.
GRANT WIGGINS
Hopewell, N.J., Nov. 19, 2012
As someone who grew up thinking I was the only one my age who
listened to classical music, I am as concerned as you are. But you
say we need to be "weaned away from the cacophony of rock." This is
where you lose me.
That argument is, frankly, condescending and counterproductive.
Nothing about classical music is intrinsically superior to any other
kind of music. You will find as much artistry in certain parts of
the rock world as you will in classical music, albeit of a very
different kind. Young people need to come to classical music on
their own terms, and telling them they should abandon another kind
of music that they love is not the way to accomplish this.
Also, think of how many great classical pieces were condemned as
cacophonous when they were premiered: Beethoven's "Grosse Fuge," for
example, or Stravinsky's "Rite of Spring."
I appreciate your concern for the future of classical music, but
please, please, never pit classical music against rock, because the
latter will almost always win, and it isn't a choice anyone should
ever have to make anyway.
CHARLIE VOLOW
Williamstown, Mass., Nov. 19, 2012
It is not children who should be wooed to the classical canon, but
young and early middle-aged adults. Although I was lucky enough to
attend Leonard Bernstein's Young People's Concerts as a child, it
wasn't until my late 20s that I realized, as a sometime rock
musician and composer, that the New York Philharmonic was as
thrilling in concert as The Who or Eric Clapton.
Once one comprehends the high level of precision that goes into
classical performance, the multitude of varying melodies presented
by each piece and the emotional ride that a symphony orchestra can
provide, there is no going back. In addition, pop music often
doesn't wear well with the years, and its audience is pining for new
adventures in music.
BERNARD LANGS
New Providence, N.J., Nov. 19, 2012
Exposure to classical music (and sneaking it in through movies and
cartoons) is fine, but what is really likely to make a difference is
experience playing classical music. Until recently this was possible
only for children whose parents had the means to buy instruments and
pay for private lessons.
But El Sistema, an intensive orchestral program begun in Venezuela,
is now spreading throughout the United States and other countries,
in schools and in after-school programs. All children in an El
Sistema program play an instrument in an orchestra, and they start
young.
Performing powerful compositions puts music not just in the ears of
children, but in their fingers, heads and hearts.
ELLEN WINNER
Chestnut Hill, Mass., Nov. 19, 2012
The writer directs the Arts and Mind Lab at Boston College, where
she is a professor of psychology of art.
Yes, classical music is dying in America, of a wasting illness that
goes back to way before the 1990s.
Technology has been replacing live musicians since the '60s, first
in live radio and TV, then in Broadway orchestra pits, now even in
recording studios, leaving the symphony orchestra as the most
labor-intensive, and therefore most expensive, enterprise in music.
Given the economics, the only solution is the one most other
civilized countries adopted long ago--government support for the
arts.
But the more serious, more obstinate problem is in the education of
our children. In the 1950s, between the ages of 7 and 12, I spent
every Saturday morning at the Cleveland Music School Settlement,
learning music theory and history, to read and write musical
notation, to recognize instruments by ear. I learned to play the
clarinet and sang in the choir, and I did so with other
working-class kids of all colors, at a price working-class families
could afford.
How many of our grade-school children can read music today? Or
recognize the difference between Bach and Mozart, Haydn and
Beethoven, Verdi and Wagner?
We have responded to our multigenerational failure to educate by
cutting the budgets for music, art, foreign language, even physical
education, and diverting all our resources to "core" subjects. But
even if we succeed in teaching our kids reading, writing and
arithmetic, we will have failed to teach them their place in their
own cultural history. We will have failed, in short, to civilize
them.
DAVID BERMAN
New York, Nov. 19, 2012
Classical music is not dead; it's not even resting. The classical
world is evolving. Live listening experiences are incorporating new
elements like video feeds, audience chats, short lunchtime or
dinnertime programs and late-night cocktail concerts. The old major
record labels have been largely replaced by new majors (Naxos and
Harmonia Mundi chief among them) and a constellation of specialty
labels.
Yes, radio stations are abandoning classical formats, but the sounds
still echo on streaming sites like Spotify and YouTube, and online
shops like iTunes. Last year, I watched the Glyndebourne Opera's
"Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg" live through a feed on my laptop
screen.
Does my own perspective influence my optimism? Undoubtedly. I am 23
and felt no qualms watching Gerald Finley sing Wagner while I was
clad in my pajamas. My generation is shaping the musical world in
the same way that Mr. Dreyer's influenced his.
Many things will change, but some will not. Artists are as plentiful
and talented as ever before. Audiences are engaged by new twists on
concertgoing traditions. And nothing can ever diminish the power of
the music.
BRIAN REINHART
Dallas, Nov. 19, 2012
The writer is a critic for MusicWeb International.
While some of the litany of concern for the future of classical
music rings true, focusing entirely on the negative ignores
overwhelming evidence of the resiliency of symphonic music in
America and throughout the world.
There are far more orchestras working in harmony than struggling
through contractual disputes. For every orchestra that has faced a
difficulty, there are orchestras that have been setting fund-raising
and attendance records since the recession.
Unfortunately, the positive stories do not receive the
sensationalistic coverage of the negative stories. And that is, to
some degree, a fault of the classical music field itself. Success is
not as easy to headline as failure.
The next generation of music lovers will have greater access to
music of all types than those who have come before. Mahler is as
available to them now through iTunes (and other sources) as Lady
Gaga. Great music of all styles does not have to be in competition.
The more you love any music, the more open you become to loving all
music.
Orchestras remain strong economic engines for their communities,
vital educational organizations for the next generation and
monuments to the elevation of the human spirit. Orchestras will
remain so if we stop emphasizing the negative litany and reach out
in more authentic ways to our audiences, both present and future.
BRUCE RIDGE
Chairman, International Conference of Symphony and Opera Musicians
Raleigh, N.C., Nov. 19, 2012
I can pinpoint the exact moment when I stopped attending live
classical performances. While on a university trip, I noticed that
the Boston Symphony Orchestra was playing, and with Seiji Ozawa
conducting I had to attend.
Being dressed in khakis and a polo shirt, I was underdressed
compared with the rest of the crowd. No big deal until a woman asked
me if I thought I should dress better for the occasion. "Not unless
my clothes affect my hearing" was my reply.
Here in Buffalo, where there is an excellent symphony, I have
detected the same kind of condescension and class snobbery. So it's
the radio and iTunes for me.
KEVIN STEVENS
Buffalo, Nov. 19, 2012
I disagree with Mr. Dreyer about the value of dragging kids to
concert halls. Live music, especially orchestral and chamber
performances, may be the best way to introduce anyone to the wonder
of what composers and musicians and instruments can create.
However, if someone is used to frenetic pop music with lyrics and
videos, don't bludgeon them with Bach, Beethoven and Brahms.
Instead, let them see and hear performances of some of the great
modern short pieces, which can be frenetic or languid, but never
boring. Expose every seventh grader and a parent to John Adams, Toru
Takemitsu and Christopher Cerrone, to name just three of the many,
many contemporary composers whose work would never be lumped with
the dreaded "classical music," and we might be on our way to a new
generation of listeners.
CHARLIE HATHAWAY
Tenafly, N.J., Nov. 19, 2012
I am a classical music lover--in my 60s, of course. As much as I
admire Mr. Dreyer's optimism, I think classical music lovers are a
dying demographic.
Some of the reasons are familiar: Music appreciation isn't taught in
schools. Also, the sadly diminished resources going into performing
arts are going mostly into "Glee"-type vocal music and various
schools of rock, not groups that aspire to the classical canon.
Demographics are changing rapidly. Classical music is rooted in
Europe, whereas today's children look at least as much toward Latin
America, Asia and Africa for their cultural roots. Performing arts
groups overwhelmingly program works by dead men, not living men or
living women.
Even efforts to expand audiences aren't working well. From what I
hear, the Metropolitan Opera simulcasts are attended by an
overwhelmingly white-haired audience.
Maybe this can be turned around, largely by more intense involvement
by classical musicians in schools as well as performances that don't
look or feel like conventional concerts. Alas, it's an awfully heavy
lift.
RICHARD LAMPERT
Philadelphia, Nov. 19, 2012
I disagree that young people need to be "weaned away from the
cacophony of rock and the neon glitter of 'American Idol'-type TV
shows." Those forms of popular entertainment thrive because there is
a mass market for them. Classical music can exist alongside and in
spite of these entertainments, but it must present itself as equally
relevant to potential listeners.
Reaching that audience is daunting. Performers' costumes remain the
same as those mocked in the cartoons of a half century ago that Mr.
Dreyer cites. Rather than relying on unimaginative formulas, concert
programming must stimulate feedback, debate and speculation.
Accessibility to classical music should be improved through
performances outside the concert hall (clubs, galleries, and so on).
Concert times should be similarly handled. Not everyone is available
for a concert at 8 p.m.; why not earlier or later?
Young people can be encouraged to attend through grants that
underwrite the cost of their tickets, something the Cleveland
Orchestra does. Musicians must be visible in the public school
system (as teachers and mentors), for if they ignore the larger
culture they live in, they risk marginalization. If all a child has
access to are Pink, Snoop Dogg or Taylor Swift, then Bach, Brahms
and Birtwistle are unlikely in their future.
There is a difference between culture and entertainment.
Entertainment is market-driven, its technical resources attuned to
the whims of current mass culture. Classical music maintains the
cultural legacy of the past along with the often difficult works of
the present. It is up to performers and managements to convincingly
give these compositions a place in greater society.
Mr. Dreyer's questioner wasn't that far off, however. There was a
pitcher named Richard Wagner. He never made it to the Yankees.
CLOVIS LARK
Principal Librarian
Utah Symphony Orchestra
Salt Lake City, Nov. 19, 2012
The Writer Responds
Mr. Rudel, your letter humbles me. And I agree with you 100 percent.
Yet my "generational error" is understandable: I grew up in a
Russian Jewish neighborhood where every kid was a budding Heifetz,
Piatigorsky or Rubenstein. That said, I applaud your idea of
repackaging classical music in a format recognizable by the target
market, and reintroducing it as a passionate experience instead of a
forced education. Whether the funding for this project is
philanthropic or federal or whatever is irrelevant. The point is
that you are optimistic, as I am, about saving classical music in
America, and the rock-infected parents must give their children at
least a chance to form their own musical taste.
Mr. Langs, as a rock musician and composer, you confess discovering
in your late 20s that the New York Philharmonic was as thrilling as
The Who or Eric Clapton. Congratulations! It is never too late to
cross over (which seems to be the trend in opera lately), and we
classical music lovers welcome you aboard. Moreover, your
realization that "pop music often doesn't wear well with the years"
is what differentiates it from classical music, which is eternal.
Mr. Wiggins, you regret that you can't rock and roll at a classical
music concert. What on earth does emoting with our bodies and voices
have to do with classical music? Would you let out a yell of joy
during a Mozart opera, or a moan of despair during "Parsifal"? And
who nowadays wears formal wear to symphony concerts or solo
recitals?
Moreover, I am mortified that you refer to symphony orchestras as
"just 'cover bands' playing the same old tunes." That's like calling
the Mona Lisa merely a grinning dame.
This is Beethoven Awareness Month. Please sit quietly while
listening to him.
LES DREYER
New York, Nov. 21, 2012