>>> Each individual variation is played extremely well and often
>>> with brave orginality. The problem is in the vision of the thing
>>> as a whole, I'm convinced of it. The whole seems much much
>>> less than the sum of the parts. I think I'm just missing his point.
>> Or the pianist is.
>> I've always found Beethoven's variations difficult. They're not
>> like Brahms' or Rachmaninov's, which are easy to follow and display
>> an "obvious" progression. (I'm pointedly ignoring RegeR.)
>> I suspect that, for both of us, the little light bulb will someday go on,
>> and we'll "get" what Beethoven was doing.
> Beethoven's variations difficult??? What complete nonsense! What about
> the many variation-based movements in the piano sonatas and the other
> sonatas? Try the "Eroica" variations on the "Creatures of Prometheus"
> theme, both for the piano and the last movement of the Third Symphony.
I'm thinking specifically of the stand-alone variations -- including the
Diabelli.
> Beethoven's variation style became progressively deeper and more
> profound as he aged. The earlier "ornamental" variation style based on
> Haydn and Mozart became one where selected and specific aspects of the
> theme are transformed into something more profound. One of the most
> greatest sets of variations in Western Classical Music is the second
> (and last) movement of the very last -- the 32nd Piano Sonata in c
> minor, Op. 111. The Arietta and Variations is therefore the last piano
> sonata movement he ever wrote. Since you seem to be literary inclined
> try reading the chapter in Thomas Mann's "Dr. Faustus" where he
> describes a music class or discussion given by a character, Wendell
> Kretzschmar.
Thanks. I'll look for it.
I just listened to 32.2, and it's pretty easy to follow. I don't think that
Goode gets the "cantabile" part of it very well, though.
The following is the Arkiv essay on the Diabelli Variations, from an
uncredited writer:
In 1819, the music publisher Anton Diabelli decided to raise money for the
family members of soldiers killed in recent wars. He wrote a theme in hopes of
inducing some of the leading composers of the day to contribute variations,
planning to publish the entire set. In all, he sent his melody to 51 composers
in Austria, one of whom was Beethoven (another was Schubert). Beethoven's
initial inclination was to turn down the project, though eventually he
submitted a variation. But the composer soon became intrigued at the prospect
of writing a larger set of variations on Diabelli's theme. In the end, he
turned out a nearly hour-long work with more variations than any other of his
works in the form. This composition makes a worthy companion piece for Bach's
mighty Goldberg Variations.
Diabelli's theme is lively and rather simple, and while many have derided it
as bland and even stupid, it does have a rather naive charm, with its little
turns and its rhythmic drive. This was just the kind of simple theme that had
inspired the composer's variation thinking in the past. One example is
Beethoven's Seven Variations on "Kind, willst du schlafen" WoO 75, from 1799.
He seemed to regard such weak or trite melodic creations as skeletal outlines
whose notes begged to be infused with personality and color.
There are several key features to the method Beethoven used in fashioning the
Diabelli Variations. For one thing, he tended to retain in each variation some
aspect of the previous one. Some have argued that each item is arranged almost
randomly, that they could be reordered to make the work more effective. Yet
one finds both delightful commentaries on the variation just gone by and an
overarching structure to the whole set. The first variation, marked Alla
Marcia, is a deliberately pompous and parodistic take on the theme. It is in a
slow tempo; the succeeding variations, with a mixture of fast and slow,
gradually work toward a climactic release reached in Variation 10. After that,
the music relaxes for a time. Other patterns of peaks and valleys are
discernible, with the greatest of the climactic episodes occurring with the
fugue near the end of the work.
The work's final moments share, in Joseph Kerman's words, the "visionary aura"
of the variations that conclude the Piano Sonata No. 32 in C minor. Other
noteworthy variations include No. 14, marked Grave e maestoso, a most profound
entry and one of the longest, lasting around four minutes. Both Variations 23
and 24 are powerful panels, too, the former a brilliant, energetic creation
and the latter divulging a somewhat Bach-like character. Several times
Beethoven explores chromatic harmonies that seem far beyond even Schubert's
prescient works of the 1820s.
For all its inspired artistry the work has typically proven difficult for
listeners. <AHEM!> Like the "Hammerklavier" Sonata, No. 29, it is both long
and extremely concentrated. Some publishers and pianists have tampered with
the score in an effort to make it more listenable, but their efforts tend to
weaken what is a somewhat intellectual masterpiece.
This work was first published in 1823 in Vienna, bearing a dedication to
Antonie Brentano (sometimes believed to be the "Immortal Beloved" of an
earlier phase of the composer's life). A typical performance of this
composition lasts about 50 to 58 minutes.