On Thursday, September 29, 2022 at 9:38:55 PM UTC-7, Frank Berger wrote:
> On 9/30/2022 12:07 AM, Dan Koren wrote:
> > On Thursday, September 29, 2022 at 12:09:40 PM UTC-7, Frank Berger wrote:
> >>
> > government or not. It is deeply embedded in
> > the local culture, just as it is in Russian and other countries
> > in the vicinity. To put it bluntly, these are cultures that have
> > near zero tolerance for social, ethnic or religious diversity.
> >
> I think "near zero" is a bit of an exaggeration, but OK.
I lived in those countries. You have not. Obviously if
one equates near zero to high risk of getting killed
or arrested or sent to the camps as soon as one
steps outside, this is not the case.
"Near zero" means that there is an extremely strong
current of opinion (stated or not) and shared belief
systems that tend to systematically push Jews out
of higher level positions in all walks of life and work.
One needs to look no farther than how Russia has
treated Jewish musicians. A very tiny fraction were
allowed to tour in the West relative to their standing
and proportions in the overall music scene.
For pianists, it was mainly Gilels and Berman. Other
top tier Jewisg pianists almost never toured outside
the Eastern bloc -- e.g. Zak, Flier, Ginzburg, Oborin,
Grinberg, Yudina, Margulis, Ugorsky, Mogilevsky,
Krainev, Feltsman, Faerman, Zilberstein, and so on.
I excluded Ashkenazy from this list because he was
officially allowed to emigrate (1963?) after marrying
his Icelandic sweetheart. I heard rumors this was
part of a deal to convince him to compete in the
1962 Tchaikovsky competition to prevent another
embarrassment by a Western pianist -- and then
John Ogdon happened!
For violinists, it was mainly Oistrakh and Kogan.
dk