Mark Brader:
> These questions were written to be asked in Toronto on 2023-10-30,
> and should be interpreted accordingly... For further information
> please see my 2023-05-24 companion posting on "Questions from the
> Canadian Inquisition (QFTCI*)".
> I wrote both of these rounds.
> * Game 6, Round 4 - Science - Geology
> 1. In 1915 Alfred Wegener ["VAY-ghen-er"] proposed that, over
> long time periods, continents had somehow drifted from one
> place on the Earth to another, but nobody believed it because
> nobody could imagine how it was possible. Things changed about
> 50 years later when it was realized that only the upper layers
> of the planet need to move, and in fact they are divided into
> a set of about 20 "plates" that move independently. What is
> the theory related to this concept called?
Plate tectonics. 4 for Dan Tilque and Dan Blum. 3 for Pete.
The "tect" part means making or building, as in "architect".
"Continental drift", as indicated in the question, is what people
spoke of when such a thing wasn't believed possible, not a name for
the modern theory.
> 2. In the middle of the Atlantic Ocean is a zone where two plates
> are moving apart from each other, and are becoming enlarged
> with the formation of new seafloor, with undersea mountains --
> and half of Iceland -- at the edge of each plate. What is this
> zone called?
Mid-oceanic ridge, or specifically mid-Atlantic ridge.
> 3. Where two plates move toward each other, sometimes one plate
> sinks beneath the other, creating effects underground that lead
> to volcanoes and earthquakes -- for example, in many areas
> around the Pacific Ocean. What is the term for a zone where
> plates move in this way?
Subduction zone. 4 for Dan Tilque, Joshua, and Dan Blum.
> 4. Where two plates move toward each other and <answer 3> does
> not happen or is incomplete, mountains are formed. What is
> the highest mountain range of this type?
Himalayas. 4 for Dan Tilque, Joshua, Dan Blum, and Erland.
India and some of its surroundings are on their own plate separate
from, and moving toward, the Eurasian plate.
> 5. Okay, enough about <answer 1>. Rocks are divided into three
> basic types according to how they are formed. How is an igneous
> rock formed?
By congealing (freezing) from a molten state (lava or magma).
4 for Dan Tilque, Dan Blum, and Pete.
"From a volcano" is not specific enough.
> 6. A second type of rock is sedimentary, which as the name implies
> is formed from an accumulation of sediments, such as on the
> seabed. But there is also a third basic type of rock besides
> igneous and sedimentary. *Either* tell what it's called, *or*
> how it's formed.
Metamorphic rock; formed when existing rock experiences enough heat
and pressure to change its structure. 4 for Dan Tilque, Joshua,
and Dan Blum.
> 7. In some places, such as the side of a gorge, you will see
> rock formations made up of visible layers. If the layers
> are not flat and horizontal, but form wavy curves, they were
> affected by what process?
Folding.
> 8. Sometimes those nice horizontal layers are intersected by
> a vertical stripe of a different rock, perhaps the result of
> new rock forming inside a vertical crack in the old. What is
> this vertical formation called?
Dike.
> 9. If you have to identify a piece of rock, you can perform
> various tests. One of them is to hit it with a hammer and
> see whether it breaks along a plane, rather than irregularly.
> If it does break along a plane, what's that called?
Cleavage. 4 for Dan Blum.
> 10. Another test is to see how hard it is. *Either* name the
> scale on which the hardness can be reported numerically,
> *or* tell what is the reliable way to compare the hardness of
> two rocks.
Mohs scale, scratch test (i.e. see which one can scratch the other).
4 for everyone -- Dan Tilque, Joshua, Dan Blum, Erland, and Pete.
> * Game 6, Round 6 - Miscellaneous, but mostly History - Monarchies
I will show this as History in the score table.
> 1. In some countries monarchies come and go. In England, for
> example, in 1649 Parliament passed an "Act for Abolishing the
> Kingly Office", but in 1660 they essentially declared that that
> had never happened. Name *both* the king who was deposed in
> 1649 and his successor who resumed the throne. Name and number
> required in each case, if applicable.
Charles I, Charles II. 4 for Dan Tilque, Joshua, Dan Blum,
and Erland.
> 2. Another country similarly abolished their monarchy in 1792,
> but at the time it didn't stick, and they had a king again
> by 1814. Today the country is a republic again. What country?
France. 4 for everyone.
In fact Napoleon took power as early as 1799, but he never used the
title "king".
> 3. In still another country, their monarchy was first abolished
> in 1873, but restored the next year, then abolished again
> in 1931. A law of 1947 officially made the place a kingdom
> again, but they didn't actually get a monarch until 1975.
> They still have one now. What country?
Spain. 4 for everyone.
When Francisco Franco was dictator, he made sure that he and no one
else was head of state, but he had the law passed so they'd be ready
for the situation after he died. It worked.
> 4. In still another country, the question of whether or not it
> should be a monarchy was decided by referendum no less than six
> times in the 20th century -- with the successive answers Yes,
> No, Yes, Yes, No, No. The last of those decisions, in 1974,
> is still in effect. What country?
Greece. 4 for Joshua and Erland.
> 5. Another country where their monarchy was abolished by referendum
> was Italy. In what year, within 1?
1946 (accepting 1945-47). 4 for Joshua, Dan Blum, and Erland.
> 6. In what year was the monarchy overthrown in Russia?
1917. 4 for everyone.
> 7. In what year was the monarchy abolished in Germany?
1918. 4 for Erland. 3 for Joshua.
> 8. This country's monarchy was overthrown in 1893 by people who
> were seeking to become a US territory. What country?
Hawaii. (It worked.) 4 for Dan Tilque, Joshua, Dan Blum, and Erland.
> 9. Of the countries that still have a monarch today, there are two
> where he's not called a king, but a prince. Name either country.
Liechtenstein, Monaco. 4 for Dan Tilque, Joshua (the hard way),
Dan Blum, Erland, and Pete.
On 2023-10-13, this terminological point decided the outcome of
"Jeopardy!": only one contestant thought of the right person, the
late monarch of Monaco, on the "Final Jeopardy!" question. But he
referred to the man as "King Rainier". If he'd put "Prince Rainier"
-- or presumably even just "Rainier" -- he would've won.
> 10. In Andorra they don't have a prince, they have two co-princes
> who rank equally; so instead of a monarchy, their system is
> a diarchy. Name either of the two ways you can get to become
> a co-prince of Andorra.
The Pope names you bishop of Urgell, Spain; or you get elected
President of France. 4 for Dan Tilque, Joshua, and Dan Blum.
3 for Erland (the hard way).
Scores, if there are no errors:
GAME 6 ROUNDS-> 2 3 4 6 TOTALS
TOPICS-> Lit Ent Sci His
Joshua Kreitzer 24 32 16 39 111
Dan Blum 24 24 28 32 108
Dan Tilque 8 4 24 28 64
Erland Sommarskog 8 0 8 39 55
Pete Gayde 4 16 11 16 47
--
Mark Brader | "She came at me in sections.
Toronto | More curves than a scenic railway."
m...@vex.net | -- "The Band Wagon", Comden & Green