In article <
29085c78521a9152...@dizum.com>,
ap...@splcenter.org says...
>
> Our ancestors have been catching herpes since before we were
> human. The infection is quite common today; the World Health
> Organization estimates that two-thirds of adults under 50 are
> infected with the herpes virus that causes oral cold sores. One
> in six have genital herpes.
>
> Yet humans might have dodged herpes' below-the-belt blow if it
> weren't for an ancient encounter between early members of our
> genus and a more distant primate relative.
>
> Blame genital herpes on Paranthropus boisei, a heavy-jawed
> primate with teeth so large teeth it earned the nickname the
> Nutcracker Man. So say a team of virologists and anthropologists
> hunting for herpes's ancient origin. Their statistical detective
> work, meshing geographic and fossil evidence, was published in
> the journal Virus Evolution on Sunday.
>
> Herpes viruses are as varied as they are old. There are more
> than 100 different kinds of herpes. Eight regularly infect
> humans, causing diseases like chickenpox and mononucleosis. What
> we commonly call herpes are two types of incurable herpes
> simplex viruses, HSV-1 and HSV-2. Oral cold sores are almost
> always caused by HSV-1. HSV-2 is typically sexually transmitted.
> (Spikes in HSV-1 genital infections, attributed to a rise in the
> popularity of oral sex, have muddied the distinction.)
>
> Our closest living relatives, gorillas and chimpanzees, get
> herpes simplex infections, too. ?Every other species of primate
> only has one kind of herpes simplex virus,? said Charlotte
> Houldcroft, a virologist at the University of Cambridge in
> England. Houldcroft and her colleagues suggest that a long-ago
> meeting of two primates ? when Paranthropus boisei met Homo
> erectus ? explains why our story is different.
>
> Scientists had previously analyzed the herpes genome and created
> a viral family tree. Oral herpes, HSV-1, has been around since
> humans and chimpanzees split 6 million years ago, as The
> Washington Post reported in 2014. The researchers also
> discovered that HSV-2 must have jumped from ancestral
> chimpanzees into the human lineage later, as recently as 1.4
> million years ago.
>
> Houldcroft and her colleagues used a statistical model, called a
> Bayesian network, to link primate species through possible lines
> of transmission. The authors collected half a dozen possible
> culprits from 30 prehistoric species. The ancient patient zero
> had to share paleontological time and geographic space with a
> human ancestor.
>
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