"Jim Wilkins" <
murat...@gmail.com> writes:
> How do you temper spring stock for rough handling?
Depends on the spring. The garage door spring gaffs were neither
hardened nor tempered, just air cooled after forging. OTOH, front
torsion springs from a 60s VW (ca. 1/8"x3/4", 30" long) can be bent
180 deg in the vise as found. Heat to a red heat, air cool, can be
snapped in two with an easy tweak.
Making power hammer dies from big-truck helper springs: Weld m/s to
it, the welds fail under light blows, taking a thin crust of the
embrittled spring stock with them. Heated to a black heat before
welding, reheating after welding and then packing in ceramic blanket
for 24 hrs. and you can wail on the welded part with a 2.5 # hammer.
One of my disheartening failures: make a replacement spring for a
pedal of an antique reed organ. Two pieces of thin spring stock bent
to curves and joined at one end with rivets. I made three units from
old hand say blades, using low-tech methods of judging heat and
tempering temperature. They all worked great for an hour, then
broke. Finally found an organ collector go gave me whaat I needed
that's still working.
> My one blacksmithing class was something of an apprenticeship. One task was
> to straighten the coil spring from a truck with hammer and anvil. I did it,
> but it was at the limit of what I could do by myself without other
> mechanical aid.
Say, 3/4" diameter stock? Harder to work with than garage door
spring.
> I just read in a locomotive history that 1-1/4" bar stock was the maximum
> that a blacksmith could forge weld in the 1840's. From other sources it
> appears that large steamboat crankshafts were a real struggle to forge weld
> without flaws. Steam engine development was limited by the ability to make
> increasingly larger and stronger parts.
How about anchors? Some of them around here appear to have a stock
about 4" square. The arms are welded to the stock and the flukes
welded to the arms, all forge welding. There's a mid-18th c. picture
in Diderot of welding an anchor that appears eneven bigger -- 6" of 7"
stock? -- with a power hammer but AIUI the ones that decorate people's
dooryards around here would have been welded by four strikers with 16#
hammers.
>
> By the 1850's American locomotive boilers operated around 90PSI. Watt's
> objection to the dangers of high pressure had little influence in the USA,
> and the greater grades and distances here caused designs to diverge from
> British practice. This is an example from the 1860's
>
https://www.kennesaw-ga.gov/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/IMG_0034-300x199.jpg
>
> During the US Civil War cavalry destroyed railroads by heating the rails red
> hot in the middle on a stack of burning ties (sleepers) and then twisting
> them spirally or bending them around trees, which was easier for mounted
> troops without heavy tools. The South started it, calling them Mrs Lincoln's
> hair ties. That was a nuisance for the North but new rails were available.
> When Northern cavalry became able to raid the South their very limited
> industry couldn't as easily supply replacements and their military
> transportation was crippled.
>
https://www.nchgs.org/html/griersons_raid.html
>
https://qph.cf2.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-3a4a5033296410f68daf20b763f4e96d-lq
One of my favorite movies is Buster Keaton's "The General".
--
Mike Spencer Nova Scotia, Canada