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No, not a single B-17 was shot down by Japanese fighters at Midway.
Not one.
B-17s at Midway:
All were drawn from 7th AF 5th BG(H)
From 42d BS - B-17E - no losses
From 431st BS - 7 B-17E - no losses
From 31st BS - 2 B-17E - no losses
From 72d BS - 1 B-17E - not lost
From 349th BS - 1 B-17D - not lost
From HQ 7th AF - 1 B-17E - not lost
The B-26’s despite the gallant effort of their crews in a role for
which their only training was discussions with USN PBY drivers about
dropping torpedoes from their planes, as stated scored not hits in
their attack on the Japanese carriers. Both of the surviving aircraft
were grounded upon return to Midway as too damaged for further combat
action. They flew no other missions during the battle. There were no
“smaller ship kills.”
The attacks over the Japanese Fleet: first the VT-8 TBFs and the
aforementioned B-26s making torpedo attack (no hits, 2 of 4 B-26’s
lost, 5 of 6 TBFs lost), and when the smoke clears from that, then
came VMSB-241 SBDs and SB2Us (incidentally, also no hits, 8 SBDs and 5
SB2Us lost). Then along come the B-17s (who had been diverted from a
mission to bomb the invasion force) and drop their bombs all over the
place, but as noted no hits, no losses.
A brief interlude and along comes VT-8 from Hornet and about a half
hour later VT-6 from Enterprise. VT-8 is wiped out except for one
pilot, 15 aircraft, 14 pilots and 15 gunners lost. VT-6 has three
planes which make it back, but only two remain serviceable. Nine VT-6
planes and their crews are lost.
Approximately 30 minutes later and along come VT-3 from Yorktown with
12 TBDs only two VT-3 planes survive their attack (no hits) and both
of those ditched just short of arrival back at the US carriers. Two
pilots, one crewman are rescued, one crewman died of wounds before
rescue. As the VT-3 attack unfolded down near the water, VB-3 arrives
and attacks Soryu, VS-6 and the majority of VB-6 attack Kaga, and a
single VB-6 section hits Akagi. All three Japanese carriers are put
out of action and will be eventually scuttled. Hiryu escapes but
would not survive the afternoon and was abandoned after being hit by
dive bombers from VS-6, VB-3, and VB-6 and sinks the next morning.
Point is there was a series of discrete individual attacks, each
separated by at least 20 to 30 minutes. The only time one could
believe the Japanese were suitably distracted was the combined VT-3
(with its VF-3 escort soaking up considerable Zero type attention as
well), VB-6, VS-6, and VB-3 attack . . . the B-17s were no where in
sight.