On Sat, 5 Jun 2021 20:06:09 -0000 (UTC), Christian Weisgerber
<
na...@mips.inka.de> wrote:
>On 2021-06-04, Dorothy J Heydt <
djh...@kithrup.com> wrote:
>
>> The link I posted upthread, about how English is weird, points
>> out that instead of replacing a French or Latin borrowing with
>> native English, we frequently use all three. The article gave
>> the example of "kingly," "royal," "regal." And it could've added
>> "basil," meaning the herb, from Greek _to basilikon_, "the royal
>> herb." And _athelas_ has made its way into some sections of the
>> English vocabulary too, and its translation "kingsfoil."
>
>Then there's Persion _shah_, which apart from the direct loan, is
>also at the origin of the name of the game of "chess".
For another perspective on this, see
<
http://www.chessmaniac.com/the-etymology-of-chess/>
It derives the word "chess" from a Sanskrit term "chaturanga".
It also has this interesting note:
"Chaturanga was introduced to Persia around 600 AD. In Middle Persian
written in the Pahlavi script, the name became chatrang. The pieces
became shah (king), frazen (general), pil (elephant), asp (horse) rox
(officer on a chariot), and payadag (soldiers). Chatrang existed for
about 200 years.
Chatrang subsequently evolved to shatranj in Arab speaking countries.
The Arabs did not have the ch or ng sound, so the ch became sh and the
ng became nj."
And "shatranj" is indeed what we called it when I learned Arabic.
>Of course, German also has König, Regent, royal, Royal as a recent
>loan from English, Basilikum, Athelas in translations of Tolkien,
>and Schah/Schach. Much of this list, and any further additions I
>suspect, can be found across all European languages.
German "Schach", OTOH, might well have come from "Shah". Trying to
reasearch /this/ brings up a different "Schach", derived from Hebrew.
It also reminds me of the chess term "zwugzwang", which is, of course,
the German word "Zwugzwang", used in English because it is much
shorter than "it's your turn to move and all the options are bad ones
which will weaken your position".
And so it goes ...
--
"I begin to envy Petronius."
"I have envied him long since."