Hi,
rdesktop does only support NLA (CredSSP + kerberos) and you need to
configure your linux machine to authenticate against a Active Directory
for kerberos functionality.
We currently have two issues on github on the topic, issue #71 [1]
describes the problem you have and issue #72 [2] is about adding
support for NTLM for better out-of-the-box support for NLA.
[1]
https://github.com/rdesktop/rdesktop/issues/71
[2]
https://github.com/rdesktop/rdesktop/issues/72
Kind Regards,
Henrik Andersson (Cendio AB)