First, I should state I am not an expert on the long term use of anodized vs polished but I went through this decision last year and I can provide my current thoughts. I had the exact same wheels built up (Quills, Son, MI5) and when I asked the question, it seemed like more people, including a gentleman at Riv, suggested anodized mostly for cleaning purposes. However, I really liked the idea of making this a mostly polished build (brakes, paul brake levers, son headlight, & tail light) and just kept thinking the polished hubs with polished rims would look amazing. I also noticed on my homer that has a mix of anodized and polished parts, that when the polished components get dirty and loses its shine, it now just looks more like the anodized parts. But hitting it with simichrome polish would bring back that amazing polish and they would look far better than the anodized again, at least to me. So I figured there wasn't much to lose by going with polished, if I keep them clean they will look amazing but if I don't they will just resemble anodized components anyway. Also, I thought you could make the argument that polished could be considered the ultimate in durability because its basically raw metal, no coatings to wear down or chip and can always be re-polished if needed. Additionally, this was basically my "dream" build and told myself I would be ok with a little extra work to keep it beautiful so I pulled the trigger on polished. I've put about 600 miles on the bike so far and definitely happy with my decision, my bike is a useful piece of art to me. As stated, they will get dusty and lose some shine but a routinely quick wipe with a clean cloth is all it takes. In fact, I spoke to Rich who builds the wheels and he suggested wiping them after each ride to avoid ever needing to polish. I admit, I don't do this after every ride. So far I have given my bike 2 thorough cleanings and I polish the rims, hubs, headlight, & brake levers with simichrome each time and its very satisfying bringing back the shine. So far, I have yet to think they look bad even when dirty but look amazing when clean, so we decided to go with polished again on my wifes Platy Riv is currently building. I have heard that salt spread on roads in the winter can negatively interact with the aluminum, so if I were riding in this routinely I might consider anodized or a 2nd wheel set, but besides that I'm polished all day :D
Hope this helps