Speaking of big rings and little rings without considering either the
number of teeth on the chain rings or the number of teeth on the
sprocket being used leads to nothing but confusion. Gear charts are
called for here.
Figure out the gear inches (or development) you as a rider need for the
various types of hills in your riding area, then figure out an effective
and efficient way to get that gear, considering issues such as chain
line, where the crossovers occur, how low a low and how high a high you
need, etc.
Here's Jan's approach:
<quote>
When I select my gearing, I think of three gears:
* Base gear: This is the gear I mostly use on flat roads when
spinning along.
* High gear: This is the largest gear that I use when I am
sprinting for a city limit sign with friends, or riding with a
powerful tailwind.
* Low gear: This is the smallest gear I need on the roads I
usually ride.
In addition to covering the range from low to high gear, a good gear
selection will do the following:
* Put the base gear in the middle of the rear freewheel/cassette,
so that I can adjust to changes in speed and terrain with a
simple shift or two in the rear.
* Provide small enough steps between gears, so that I can continue
pedaling seamlessly.
I don’t worry about duplicate gears, if they fall in the range where I
ride frequently. In fact, some overlap is not just OK, it’s desirable.
</quote>
--
http://janheine.wordpress.com/2012/11/03/how-to-choose-your-chainrings/
34/50 seems to work for very strong riders, but recreational riders can
end up with gearing where the base gear is so far from the center of the
cassette a cross over in front (with attendant multiple shifts in back)
is required for even slight changes in grade. That's a recipe for
frustration. Staying on the small ring, however, can mean spending all
your time on 11, 12 and 13 tooth sprockets in back; those small
sprockets are inefficient and what's more, they wear quickly.