What stem length you run depends on where you want the bars to end up. If you've never ridden a bicycle with drop bars, or have never felt like you have had a drop bar bike fit you well, then maybe get a fitting. If you have a bike that you think fits, and want to figure out what stem length you will need to get a Noodle bar into a similar spot on a new Rivendell, then it's mostly a matter of comparing numbers on a geometry chart or from measurements of your own. You mention the Gallop, which is a bicycle designed NOT to run drop bars. One can do it, but it'll need to be an unusually long-torso person plus a stubby stem.
Generally speaking, there was a time when "everybody" ran a 10cm stem. There have been times when undersized frames and long stems were kind of fashionable. The Lovely Bicycle quote is very odd, particularly for implying that men will look at your stem length and judge you for it. That's just gross.
So, what problem are you actually trying to solve? Are you shopping for a bike? Do you have a bike? Do you think you have a bike that fits? I'm sure you can get good advice, based on the context. As-stated your question reads like: "What is the best size for shoes to work with wool socks?" It depends!
Bill Lindsay
El Cerrito, CA