Rivendell says "up to 48mm fendered" and I've seen a few Platypus builds with fendered Shikoro's. I have a 700x50 Gravel King on the back of my Platypus and it looks like there's room for a fender. Clearance actually looks tighter at the fork, both vertically to the crown and in width as the distance between the lugs at the crown is only 60mm.
My front tire is a Fleecer Ridge and I test fit a Planet Bike Cascadia 60mm fender, which is fairly flat and thin, and the vertical clearance between the top of the tire and the inside of the fender at the fork crown was only a few millimeters - it seems too close for a knobby. The same fender looks ok on the back at all the stay intersections.
So it seems like 48mm is a good general max, but you could probably squeeze 50s with the right fenders.
I have another bike with a fendered Juniper Ridge front (same tread as the Fleecer ridge but 650x48) and it's actually not too bad in the noise department.
-Dave