In The Fifth Column, Rawlings, an American, and Max, a German, are bothrevolutionaries fighting on the side of the Republicans. When Rawlings says that "we're infor fifty years of undeclared wars" (FC 95), both he and Max believe that they derive theirstrength and unity from the proletariat in opposition to those classes that exploit the workers;that when the world has been changed, and men and women live in a classless society, thepoor will not go hungry nor will they fear the indignities of ill health and old age. Theirwords echo Karl Marx's egalitarian doctrine, and Hemingway's rebels, like Camus's, areborn and emerge out of the spectacle of human folly (Hr 419). Hemingway's revolutionarieswant to change history, but change requires action and action means killing. They arecommitted to obey their communist leaders, who believe that killing is legitimate, and it isthis false legitimacy that Camus argues against in L'Homme révolté. For him, Hitler'sconcentration camps and Stalin's gulags represent a fatal chapter in what he calls "Europe'spride" (Hr 420).