Hi Borbála,
sorry for the delay. Congratulations for being in Ulrike's group (she's great!), and thanks for the greetings.
Wow, libboost has seen quite some jump in Ubuntu (
https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/xenial/+package/libboost-dev). Could you please paste the errors you're seeing? I'm pretty busy with the rest of life right now, so I won't find time to try and compile rapidSTORM on Ubuntu any time soon, but maybe there's something in there that I've seen before.
Failing that, you could try to pull in the precise repository in /etc/apt/sources.list (or sources.list.d, if that exists), and then try to install the distributed version. I'm not sure how familiar you are with Ubuntu's packaging system, so please let me know when this sounds like Greek to you.
Best, Steve