sure you added the "trusty" (14.04) packages to your sources.list? The trusty package depends on boost 1.54:
achter:~> dpkg -I ~/Downloads/rapidstorm_3.3.1-2\~trusty1_amd64.deb
new debian package, version 2.0.
size 1736090 bytes: control archive=1130 bytes.
785 bytes, 13 lines control
557 bytes, 8 lines md5sums
185 bytes, 7 lines * postinst #!/bin/sh
160 bytes, 5 lines * postrm #!/bin/sh
114 bytes, 8 lines * preinst #!/bin/sh
Package: rapidstorm
Version: 1:3.3.1-2~trusty1
Architecture: amd64
Installed-Size: 8512
Depends: libb641, libboost-filesystem1.54.0, libboost-system1.54.0, libboost-test1.54.0, libboost-thread1.54.0, libc6 (>= 2.14), libgcc1 (>= 1:4.1.1), libgraphicsmagick++3, libgraphicsmagick3 (>= 1.3.5), libgsl0ldbl (>= 1.9), libreadsif1, libstdc++6 (>= 4.6), libtiff5 (>= 4.0.3), libtinyxml2.6.2, libwxbase2.8-0 (>= 2.8.12.1+dfsg), libwxgtk2.8-0 (>= 2.8.12.1+dfsg)
Recommends: rapidstorm-doc, gsfonts | windows-fonts
Suggests: rapidstorm-camera (= 1:3.3.1-2~trusty1)
Replaces: rapidstorm-gui, rapidstorm-minimal
Section: science
Priority: optional
Description: Localization microscopy analysis software