Odia Kohinoor Calendar 1999
Mahmod Ohner
Hindu calendar for the month of January, 1999. List of all Hindu festivals in January, 1999 holidays & daily panchang. Pausa and Magha are the lunar months corresponding to January. Magha month 1999 started on January 3.
Hindu calendar for the month of February, 1999. List of all Hindu festivals in February, 1999 holidays & daily panchang. Phalguna and Phalguna are the lunar months corresponding to February. Phalguna month 1999 started on February 1.
Hindu calendar for the month of November, 1999. List of all Hindu festivals in November, 1999 holidays & daily panchang. Kartika and Agrahayana are the lunar months corresponding to November. Agrahayana month 1999 started on November 24.
Hindu calendar for the month of May, 1999. List of all Hindu festivals in May, 1999 holidays & daily panchang. Jyaistha and Jyaistha are the lunar months corresponding to May. Adhik Jyeshta month 1999 started on May 1.
Hindu calendar for the month of July, 1999. List of all Hindu festivals in July, 1999 holidays & daily panchang. Asadha and Sravana are the lunar months corresponding to July. Sravana month 1999 started on July 29.
Pana Sankranti, (Odia: ପଣ ସଙ୍କ୍ରନ୍ତି), also known as Maha Bishuba Sankranti (Odia: ମହ ବିଷୁବ ସଙ୍କ୍ରନ୍ତି),[1][2][3] is the traditional new year day festival of Odia people in Odisha, India.[4][5][6] The festival occurs in the solar Odia calendar (the lunisolar Hindu calendar followed in Odisha) on the first day of the traditional solar month of Meṣa, hence equivalent lunar month Baisakha. This falls on the Purnimanta system of the Indian Hindu calendar.[3] It therefore falls on 13/14 April every year on the Gregorian calendar.[7]
The festival is celebrated with visits to Shiva, Shakti or Hanuman temples.[8] People take baths in rivers or major pilgrimage centers. Communities participate in mela (fairs), participate in traditional dance or acrobatic performances. Feasts and special drinks such as a chilled wood apple-milk-yoghurt-coconut drink called pana is shared, a tradition that partly is the source of this festival's name.[8][3]
Pana Sankranti is related to new year festivals in South and Southeast Asian solar New Year as observed by Hindus and Buddhists elsewhere such as Vaisakhi (north and central India, Nepal), Bohag Bihu (Assam), Pohela Boishakh (Bengal), Puthandu (Tamil Nadu) etc.[7][9]
In the Odia Hindu tradition, Pana Sankranti is believed to be the birthday of the Hindu deity Hanuman, whose loving devotion to Rama (the seventh incarnation of Vishnu) in the Ramayana is legendary. His temples, along with those of Shiva and Surya (the Sun god) are revered on the new year.[8][10]
Hindus also visit Devi (goddess) temples on Pana Sankranti. The temples include Taratarini Temple near Brahmapur, Odisha in Ganjam, Cuttack Chandi, Biraja Temple, Samaleswari temple and Sarala Temple. At Sarala Temple the priests walk on hot coals in the fire-walking festival, Jhaamu Yatra. At the Maa Patana Mangala Temple in Chhatrapada, Bhadrak, the Patua Yatra festival is held from 14 April to 21 April.[11] In Northern Odisha, the festival is known as Chadak Parva. In Southern Odisha, the Meru Yatra festival is celebrated as the end of the month-long danda nata dance festival. Thousands of devotees gather at the Shakti Pitha shrine in the Taratarini Temple because it is one of the auspicious days during the Chaitra Yatra.
The significance of the day is that the new Odia calendar or Panjika is also introduced which is an almanac of Hindu festivals and contains the dates of festivals, auspicious days and timings, timings of sunrise and sunset along with horoscopes for the year.[12][10]
People from all over the state eat festive Chhatua and drink Bela Pana to mark the occasion.[13][14] The Bela Pana is prepared with Bael, chhena, grated coconut and fruits, spices like ginger and black pepper and sugar or jaggery.[12][10]
An important ritual observed during Pana Sankranti is Basundhara theki. A water filled earthen pot with a small hole at the end is placed at the top of the holy basil plant, so that water keeps dripping on the plant.[12]
Ghantapatuas are traditional male folk artistes from the Odisha that perform the art form "Jhama nata" during Pana Sankranti. They generally perform in a group of two or four wearing dresses that resemble women's clothing.
This new year day is celebrated elsewhere across South and Southeast Asia which follow the related Hindu-Buddhist solar calendar traditions of South and Southeast Asian solar New Year (Mesha Sankranti and Songkran). It is known Vaisakhi across North India and Nepal and marks the beginning of the Hindu Solar New Year.[15][16] The same day every year is also the new year for many Buddhist communities in parts of southeast Asia such as Myanmar, Sri Lanka and Cambodia, likely an influence of their shared culture in the 1st millennium CE.[16] Some examples include:
However, this is not the universal new year for all Hindus. For many others who follow the Lunar calendar, the new year falls on Chaitra Navaratri, Ugadi, Gudi Padwa etc, which falls a few weeks earlier.[16] For some, such as those in and near Gujarat, the new year festivities coincide during the five day Diwali festival.
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