Bear Ccd 3000 Software
Jahed Stetter
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Florida black bear populations are confined to just eight isolated habitats. The bears face serious challenges in our state, mostly because of us. Encroaching development like residential communities and roadways has reduced and fragmented bear territory. The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission estimates that only 3,000 Florida black bears (Ursus americanus floridanus) remain in eight isolated habitats throughout the state.
When bear territory is protected, other threatened species also benefit. Humans do, too: Connected forests are important for our freshwater systems, and they provide natural protection from flooding, erosion and storms.
Floridians living in bear country may not realize black bears can detect food from more than a mile away. We inadvertently attract bears to our neighborhoods when we leave out unsecured trash, pet food, bird seed and barbecues. Bear-proof trashcans have been shown to reduce bear incidents by up to 95 percent. FWC has made funding available for bear-proof trashcans. Proper waste disposal and smart home maintenance can help keep bears in their natural environments, increasing safety for both bears and people.
TNC encourages a collaborative effort between management agencies, municipalities and residents to ensure a bright future for our black bears. You can help communities prevent negative interactions with bears.
Aars, J., Marques,T.A, Lone, K., Anderson, M., Wiig, Ø., Fløystad, I.M.B., Hagen, S.B. and Buckland, S.T. 2017. The number and distribution of polar bears in the western Barents Sea. Polar Research 36:1. 1374125. doi:10.1080/17518369.2017.1374125
AC SWG 2018. Chukchi-Alaska polar bear population demographic parameter estimation. Eric Regehr, Scientific Working Group (SWG. Report of the Proceedings of the 10th meeting of the Russian-American Commission on Polar Bears, 27-28 July 2018), pg. 5. Published 30 July 2018. US Fish and Wildlife Service. pdf here.
Regehr, E.V., Hostetter, N.J., Wilson, R.R., Rode, K.D., St. Martin, M., Converse, S.J. 2018. Integrated population modeling provides the first empirical estimates of vital rates and abundance for polar bears in the Chukchi Sea. Scientific Reports 8 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34824-7 -018-34824-7
Regehr, E.V., Laidre, K.L, Akçakaya, H.R., Amstrup, S.C., Atwood, T.C., Lunn, N.J., Obbard, M., Stern, H., Thiemann, G.W., & Wiig, Ø. 2016. Conservation status of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in relation to projected sea-ice declines. Biology Letters 12: 20160556.
Rode, K. and Regehr, E.V. 2010. Polar bear research in the Chukchi and Bering Seas: A synopsis of 2010 field work. Unpublished report to the US Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior, Anchorage. pdf here.
Rode, K.D., Douglas, D., Durner, G., Derocher, A.E., Thiemann, G.W., and Budge, S. 2013. Variation in the response of an Arctic top predator experiencing habitat loss: feeding and reproductive ecology of two polar bear populations. Oral presentation by Karyn Rode, 28th Lowell Wakefield Fisheries Symposium, March 26-29. Anchorage, AK.
Rode, K.D., Regehr, E.V., Douglas, D., Durner, G., Derocher, A.E., Thiemann, G.W., and Budge, S. 2014. Variation in the response of an Arctic top predator experiencing habitat loss: feeding and reproductive ecology of two polar bear populations. Global Change Biology 20(1):76-88.
Rode, K.D., Wilson, R.R., Regehr, E.V., St. Martin, M., Douglas, D.C. & Olson, J. 2015. Increased land use by Chukchi Sea polar bears in relation to changing sea ice conditions. PLoS One 10 e0142213.
Stapleton, S., Peacock, E. & Garshelis, D. 2016. Aerial surveys suggest long-term stability in the seasonally ice-free Foxe Basin (Nunavut) polar bear population. Marine Mammal Science 32:181-201.
FAYETTEVILLE, Ark. - The Ozark and Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas once teemed with black bears, inspiring tall tales and children's books and earning for the state the nickname "The Bear State." But by 1940, hunters and loggers had cleared the landscape of bears: as few as 25 remained.
Today, however, the bear population in Arkansas, Missouri and Oklahoma numbers 3,000 and continues to grow, thanks to the successful reintroduction of black bears from Minnesota and Manitoba, Canada, says University of Arkansas biology professor Kimberly Smith. This reintroduction - the most successful reintroduction of a bear in the world - has useful information to offer other states or regions struggling to help endangered species populations survive.
During the 1800s, settlers in Arkansas ate bear bacon, warmed their feet on bearskin rugs in front of fires and traded bear grease for other goods. In the early part of the 19th century, Arkansas may have had one of the largest populations of black bears in North America.
As early as the 1840s, Arkansas hunters noted a decrease in the bear population. Bears completely disappeared from Oklahoma in 1915 and from Missouri in 1931. They had disappeared from the Ouachitas in 1910. Due to these declines, the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AGFC) closed the hunting season on bears in 1927.
Thirty years later, the AGFC had about 40 bears driven down from Minnesota and Canada in pickup trucks. They released the animals at what is now known as the White Rock Mountain Wildlife Management Area, the Piney Creek Wildlife Management Area and the Muddy Creek Wildlife Management Area.
"When the Arkansas Game and Fish Commission started bringing in the Minnesota black bears in 1958, they did almost everything right," Smith said. They released wild-captured, young, native game animals in the core of their historic range. They released the bears at multiple sites in high-quality habitat areas, away from human activity. They released about 260 animals over the course of 11 years, bringing in males first to establish their territories and then introducing females.
Biologists like Smith track the bear populations by capturing, tagging and releasing animals, and by tracking a select few females with radio collars. From this information they can determine the health and reproductive fitness of the bear population as a whole.
"In terms of numbers of animals, the reintroduction has been a total success," Smith, whose research on bears has been funded primarily by the AGFC, said. "The important thing now is that the black bear be accepted as part of the ecosystem."
Smith's findings show that initially low numbers and public opposition should not necessarily discourage people managing reintroduction efforts. He points out that the Arkansas black bear program received very little public input at the time the bears were released. Due to public perception in the 1950s and 60, most people probably would have opposed the reintroduction, Smith said. However, when Arkansas landowners were presented with the successful reintroduction of bears in their area, those surveyed in the late 1980s seemed content with the number of bears present.
Despite their legendary reputation as fierce creatures, black bears in the Ozarks get most of their nutrients from fruits and seeds of plants and their protein from ants. They are solitary animals and tend to shun people when possible.
More than 60 years after shutting down the hunting season for bear, the AGFC opened a limited season in 1980. Bear sightings became more common in the late 1980s and sightings continue to increase annually, suggesting that Arkansas might again become famous for its black bears.
The bone fragment seems to have been kept in an archive until 2019, when it arrived in a laboratory at the University at Buffalo in New York. Once there, genetic tests showed that the bone once thought to be from a prehistoric bear was actually from a prehistoric human.
So far, the Svalbard bears are not in poor condition, and they are still reproducing. The question is: why do they seem to be thriving despite having access to less sea ice? There are a few possible answers. It could be that the density of bears is still low compared to what it was before people started to hunt. That would mean less competition for food resources. Another relevant factor is that polar bears are good at adapting and using every resource they can find.
It will be interesting to see how the local Svalbard bears do in future years as the sea ice continues to diminish. Unlike polar bears in some other Arctic areas, they have few competitors (such as brown bears, wolves or wolverines). But the fact that polar bears depend on sea ice in all the areas they occupy suggests there will be a threshold for this population too. They have proven resilient in the face of challenges so far, but to continue to thrive, they will need access to sea ice to hunt seals for at least a period in spring and early summer.
For now, polar bears in the Barents Sea area seem to be coping with their habitat loss. However, as the sea ice continues to disappear, it is likely they will be challenged at some point. Being a polar bear in Svalbard today is already a very different experience compared to 30 or 40 years ago, and the environment is changing swiftly.
Named the Etherican brown bear, since it was found east of the Bolshoy Etherican River, the body provides scientists with a unique opportunity to study the organs and tissues of the ancient creature.
While the team is learning all they can from the bear's body, there is a mystery remaining about how the bear came to be found on an island that is now separated from the mainland by almost 50 kilometers (31 miles) of water. Three theories suggest that either the bear was able to cross to the island over ice in the winter, that the island was still part of the mainland 3,500 years ago, or simply that the bear fancied a long swim to gain access to the island.
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