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The depiction of the Klingon species, the iconic aggressive warrior race from the planet Qo'noS, has evolved throughout the years from a simple analogy of the American fear of Cold War-era Russians to a depiction of a complex and proud tradition-bound people who value honor as well as combat prestige. As Klingons became more and more popular, attention was placed into evolving the make-up effects, into establishing a unique Klingonese language and into exploring the ever more complex history, society, politics, culture, psychology and religion of the Klingon species.
Klingons were introduced in Star Trek: The Original Series, making their first appearance in the season one episode "Errand of Mercy". They were originally meant to be involved in only that installment. (Star Trek Magazine issue 125, p. 37) The episode's writer, Gene Coon, was the person who initially imagined the species and their culture. However, both aspects were among multiple elements of the series which Star Trek Producer Gene Roddenberry joked originated from his "cousin in Ohio." (Inside Star Trek: The Real Story, paperback ed., p. 136)
The script of "Errand of Mercy" introduces the Klingon look by saying, "We see the Klingons are Orientals," thereafter repeatedly describing them as "hard-faced, uniformed, heavily armed, wearing what looks like vests of mail (see the material used as mail by the Romulans.)" Indeed, the Klingons originally appeared as fairly ordinary Humans with heavy makeup as well as emboldened eyebrows, with some of the males having mustaches and goatees. The reason the Klingons were accepted as looking so Human-like, delineated from Humans mainly by their mannerisms and characters, was that the series had neither the materials, budget nor time necessary to create elaborate makeup for the Klingons. ("Errand of Mercy" Starfleet Access, TOS Season 1 Blu-ray)
The introduction of the Klingons in "Errand of Mercy" caused the casting of that episode to become a longer and more involved process than normal. This was because the production staff had little idea what a Klingon should look like. "I had never heard of a Klingon before," related Makeup Designer Fred Phillips. "And nothing in the script that I read told me what it was." (These Are the Voyages: TOS Season One) Because John Colicos had likewise never previously heard of Klingons, he was also initially uncertain how they should be. "My first thought was 'What the hell is a Klingon? What does a Klingon look like? Well, they'll know what it's all about.'" ("The Sword of Colicos", Star Trek: Deep Space Nine - The Official Poster Magazine, No. 8) Colicos assumed the Star Trek makeup department, in particular, would know precisely how a Klingon should look. "When I arrived at Paramount," the actor continued, "the make-up man said to me, 'What in the hell does a Klingon look like?'" (Star Trek: Communicator issue 104, p. 19) Recalling his own response, Colicos related, "I said, 'You don't know either?'" (Cinefantastique, Vol. 28, No. 4/5, p. 59)
John Colicos and the relevant makeup artist sat down and began to devise how the Klingons should look. (Cinefantastique, Vol. 28, No. 4/5, p. 59) That makeup worker, Fred Phillips, started the process of designing the species by directly asking Colicos how he wanted to look. Despite thinking of the Klingons as the futuristic Russians they were intended to be, Colicos took inspiration from Genghis Khan, as Kor was likewise an ambitious military commander. (Captains' Logs: The Unauthorized Complete Trek Voyages, p. 40) "He thought that was a hell of a good idea," Colicos said, regarding Phillips' reaction. (Star Trek: Communicator issue 104, p. 19) Colicos' hair happened to be very short and combed forward. He asked for it to be sprayed and slightly "kinked up." Due to the Genghis Khan influence, Colicos then proposed "a vaguely Asian, Tartar appearance," with an alien-looking "brown-green makeup." (Captains' Logs: The Unauthorized Complete Trek Voyages, p. 40) Colicos also took inspiration from Fu Manchu as an influence on his look as Kor. He instructed the makeup department, "Spray my hair black, give me a kind of swamp creature green olivey mud reptilian make-up, and we'll borrow some stuff from Fu Manchu, and put a long moustache and eyebrows on me." ("The Sword of Colicos", Star Trek: Deep Space Nine - The Official Poster Magazine, No. 8) The makeup scheme was therefore actually a combination of a wide variety of sources, Colicos advising the makeup team, "Make me a little touch of Fu Man Chu [sic], and a little touch of Slavic Russian, and a little touch of everything." (Cinefantastique, Vol. 28, No. 4/5, p. 59) He later remembered, "Within two hours, this thing emerged and that was it." (Captains' Logs: The Unauthorized Complete Trek Voyages, p. 40)
John Colicos was pleased with how he had influenced the layout of the Klingon makeup. "I thought I was pretty crafty [...] because it only took 20 minutes to put on," he said. (Star Trek: Communicator issue 104, p. 19) Thus, Colicos set a precedent for all other members of the species. He concluded, "Everybody else after me took that as the prototype of the Klingons." ("The Sword of Colicos", Star Trek: Deep Space Nine - The Official Poster Magazine, No. 8) Even the early conception of Klingons as ferocious conquerors was cemented largely by the initial portrayal of Kor. (The Official Star Trek: Deep Space Nine Magazine issue 15, p. 16)
Klingon Psychology was one of several topics which David Gerrold thereafter found himself having to hurriedly research before writing the episode's teleplay. Even so, while scripting the installment, Gerrold temporarily had some slight difficulty with making the Klingons as nasty as Gene Coon wanted them to be. Coon thoroughly approved of another element of the episode's Klingons, though, Gerrold later recalling, "Gene Coon thought the names I used for the Klingons were deliciously evil-sounding." (The Trouble with Tribbles, pp. 121, 135 & 186)
In the script for "The Trouble with Tribbles", David Gerrold described both Koloth and "the last Klingon commander that we saw" as "an evil-looking S.O.B." The last Klingon commander featured on Star Trek before that episode was Kras in "Friday's Child", though Gerrold's comment was most likely aimed at the highly influential character of Kor from "Errand of Mercy". (These Are the Voyages: TOS Season Two)
David Gerrold thought up the idea of Klingons hating tribbles (and vice versa) as a way of determining, in the story, the true identity of Arne Darvin as a Klingon spy. Gerrold later recalled this story point having come to him "almost at the last moment" and said, "It just came to me on the spur of the moment." (These Are the Voyages: TOS Season Two)
The overbearing nature of the Klingons in "Errand of Mercy" influenced Charlie Brill's depiction of Arne Darvin in "The Trouble with Tribbles". Brill was pleased that, because Darvin was a Klingon disguised as a Human, he didn't have to wear the Klingon makeup. [2]
William Campbell approved of how the Klingons are portrayed in "The Trouble with Tribbles", with the character of Korax being what Campbell perceived as "the nasty one," as opposed to his own character of Koloth. Said Campbell, "I thought that was a good idea; it gave them depth." (The World of Star Trek, 1994 UK ed., p. 121)
Comic book writer Scott Tipton, who co-wrote the mini-series Klingons: Blood Will Tell, characterized the Klingons in "The Trouble with Tribbles" as generally "very different" from those in "Errand of Mercy". He noticed that they are not only less like Mongol warriors by having less of a swarthy appearance but also by being slightly not as fierce, allowing them to be shown aboard Deep Space Station K-7. "These are kind of more like suburban Klingons," he said. "You know, they're a little laid back, you know, it's like they've been working in an office, they just wanna come in, you know, get some R&R, maybe use a snack room [....] It's enough of a keystone back to what we've seen before that it still feels familiar but it works well because you couldn't put the 'Errand of Mercy' Klingons in this episode, 'cause you wouldn't let those guys onto your space station so they can come have a drink at the bar! So, by the nature of the story, you have to kind of make them a little more refined." ("The Trouble with Tribbles" Starfleet Access, TOS Season 2 Blu-ray)
Regarding the fact that the episode "The Trouble with Tribbles" concludes with many tribbles having been beamed aboard a Klingon ship, David Gerrold supposed about the Klingons, "I'll bet that they didn't let any thoughts of inhumanity trouble them....." (The Trouble with Tribbles, p. 116) When William Campbell was questioned about what the Klingons did with all the tribbles, he responded, "We ate them." (Cinefantastique, Vol. 27, No. 11/12, p. 98) Dave Rossi imagined that the Klingons were "shoveling these things into the engines" at the end of the episode. ("The Trouble with Tribbles" Starfleet Access, TOS Season 2 Blu-ray)
While the story for "A Private Little War" underwent development, D.C. Fontana suggested substituting the Klingons with the Romulans, as a way of differentiating the episode from "Friday's Child". Gene Coon was determined to keep making the Klingons recurring villains, though. On the other hand, Robert Justman feared, in common with Fontana, that another "nose-to-nose confrontation between Captain Kirk and his Klingon adversary" was one of numerous factors which made the installment too similar to "Friday's Child". (These Are the Voyages: TOS Season Two)
An undeveloped, untitled story which Alan Dean Foster proposed for a two-parter in the third season of TOS involved a Klingon named Kumara. Foster was told to resubmit the idea for the show's fourth season, though the series was ultimately cancelled at the end of its third season. [3]
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