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In a previous post I wrote about using the UT-100C DVB-T modulator on linux and I promised to follow up how to use the modulator with live video sources. In this post I am going to describe how to setup the modulator on a Raspiberry Pi equipped with a RaspiCam camera module, effectively turning the Pi into a live HDTV transmitter.
The setup can be made small enough to be carried by a medium size drone and the range can be increased using power amplifiers. If you do that be sure to comply with the radio regulations applicable in your country. In particular, transmitting with significant power in the UHF TV bands will most likely get you into trouble. Your best bet is to get a ham radio license and use the 23 cm band.
The idea for this setup, in particular for using the latest ffmpeg for MPEG-TS generation, comes from Evariste F5OEO who posted it on the Viva DATV forum. In fact, he has made a complete Raspbian image available for download for those who want a quick and easy way to get started. While his image works well, it will limit you to the software available at the time when he built the image.
The first thing to do is to ensure that you have your Raspberry Pi up and running with an up to date Raspbian image and the RaspiCam. You can use this tutorial on the Raspberry Pi website. You should definitely get acquiantened with the raspivid application that is used to capture H.264 encoded video with the camera module. It is a great tool and you will also find it useful for other tasks.
My binary built with libc-2.13 is available here: ffmpeg. However, here you really have the opportunity to learn something by cross compiling your own ffmpeg. Just follow the instructions from the ffmpeg wiki which is what I did with the following choices / changes:
Finally, we need an application that can talk to the UT-100 modulator, configure it and send the MPEG-TS steam to it. You can write your own application based on the API docs that come with the driver package or use the tsrfsend application included in the UT-100C Opencaster Bundle.
If you have the sources you can simply build it on the Raspberry Pi, or try the cross compiler you created for ffmpeg. In either case you should apply the patch that I have posted on the Avalpa forum.
We need a way to (1) send H.264 video from raspivid to ffmpeg and (2) send the MPEG-TS from ffmpeg to tsrfsend. Since all these applications can operate on files the easiest way to connect them is using named pipes (aka FIFOs).
The names videoes and videots refer to video elementary stream and transport stream respectively. Having the pipes in place we can now launch the raspivid, ffmpeg and tsrfsend applications sequentially using the pipes for input and output.
In the following example I use a 6 MHz channel, QPSK modulation with rate 1/2 FEC, 1/4 guard interval and 8k FFT. With these parameters the channel capacity is 3.732 Mbps which is what we set the ffmpeg muxrate to. THe video rate must be lower than that and leave sufficient margin for bitrate fluctuations. Therefore, I have set raspivid to capture 1280720 pixel frames at 30 frames per second and 3.3 Mbps video bitrate.
I hope this guide was helpful and I am looking forward to see who will make the first handheld HDTV transmitter using a Raspberry Pi and a UT-100C modulator and in particular who will make it work from a flying drone.
I need to figure out a way to capture and multiplex the cctv cameras, perhaps as multiple SDTV subchannels or as a windowed HD. I really miss being able to put one of the cctv cameras as a pip on the television when expecting guests or a delivery truck to arrive.
Hello,
Thank you for sharing this effort in such a detailed manner. We are trying to recreate your setup.
Raspivid is working fine individually, ffmpeg is working fine individually and so is tsrfsend.
Now, when we put all three together in a script (.sh) file, we see a burst (on a spectrum analyzer) and then the script execution stops.
Our objective is also to stream continuous video, may I ask you to please advise.
Thank you for your time in looking into my query.
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