Rainer,
There are all sorts of things that can cause signals around 174 MHz. 174 MHz might not be the fundamental frequency but could be a 2nd or 3rd harmonic. The first thing I would do is put your meteor radar (computer and receiver) on battery power if you can. Then while you are observing the spectrum and see that signal appearing, throw the main breaker to your house and shut off all power to everything in your home. While your receiver is still running with battery power see if the signal goes away. That may indicate that something in your house is generating that harmonic. It could be a wall wart power supply, a fish tank pump and heater, a garage door opener or anything with electronics in it.
If the signal is still there while your house power is shut off then of course you will know that it is coming from outside your home.
I have found so many interfering signals from inside my own home over the past few years and I constantly have to keep tracking new ones down. My internet WiFi router is the worst offender and I'm still trying to deal with that issue. It throws signals all over the ham bands from 1.8 MHz all the way up through VHF frequencies. I had a HP Printer power supply that I had to get rid of and get a different one because of the same thing. Also my power tool battery charger for my electric drill puts out lots of signals. There is a string of remote controlled LED lights out on my deck that makes a lot of interference so I have to keep it unplugged.
On some echos, not all of them, you will see some slight doppler effect. Those large balloons you speak of are most likely not capable of creating any noticeable doppler effect as they are too slow.
Good luck in hunting this down.
Gary