The Yasuní struggle in Ecuador embodies a historic challenge to extractivism by crystallizing the demand to “leave oil underground” into a national referendum victory in 2023. Despite government resistance and partial non-compliance, the vote opened new legal, political, and ethical horizons for Indigenous rights, climate justice, and the rights of nature. Yasuní now stands as both utopia and heterotopia: a site of hope, resistance, and repair, but also of sacrifice, contradictions, and ecological devastation. As Esperanza Martinez explains, Yasuni mirrors the possibility of building futures centered on life rather than fossil dependency.