Yeah, most servers it seems to work on. Most of the failures are on Server 2012R2, but then I have other server 2012R2's that work just fine.
Using the same installers on all of them gathered from a local file share. Yes, the set command I posted earlier was from a non working server.
The value for RABBITMQ_BASE we manually set on the servers, but going into system environment variables and typing it in. We don't use quotes, and it's almost generally some variation of drive letter:\Program Files (x86)\CallCopy\RabbitMQ
Fun fact: If you remove all of the rabbit and erlang stuff, and install the older package that we had certified with our software (erlang 20.1 and rabbit 3.7.2) the issue goes away and everything works just fine.
So the issue appears to be with the newer rabbit installer, I just wish it was something consistent that I could pinpoint...