I haven't tested this, but you could try to dead letter into the delayed message exchange [1] - currently it stores messages in a node local database but that means that each delayed message is stored on the current node rather than a non-replicated queue which
is only stored on one node (which may or may not be available).
Else you could make your retry queue a classic, ha queue but I wouldn't recommend it.
I don't have an ETA for message TTL for quorum queues. There are some inherent technical issues around dead lettering that needs to be reviewed to ensure this is the most appropriate way to achieve certain patterns going forward.