It still fails on the one machine, but I tried it on a separate box in a docker container with the same RabbitMQ 3.8.5 and Erlang 23.0.3. It works there. Interestingly the logs look different. For the machine that fails, it just mentions importing definitions, but not what was in it:
2020-07-31 17:03:36.404 [info] <0.24794.3> Asked to import definitions for a virtual host. Virtual host: <<"/">>, acting user: <<"guest">>
For the container that succeeds it says, it does not mention it is importing definitions, but does says it is importing individual things (users, permissions):
2020-07-31 22:07:51.749 [info] <0.1163.0> Importing concurrently 1 users...
2020-07-31 22:07:51.762 [info] <0.617.0> Created user 'testuser'
2020-07-31 22:07:51.766 [info] <0.617.0> Successfully set user tags for user 'testuser' to [management]
2020-07-31 22:07:51.766 [info] <0.1163.0> Importing concurrently 1 permissions...
2020-07-31 22:07:51.770 [info] <0.617.0> Successfully set permissions for 'testuser' in virtual host '/' to '.*', '.*', '.*'
The machine I was using is quite an old version. I think still on a Ubuntu 14.04 base, so maybe a library just behaves differently. I think this is probably okay since it does work elsewhere. Thanks for checking.