Spatial data with observations below detection limit (left censored)

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Eamonn Organ

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Feb 11, 2026, 10:52:05 AM (yesterday) Feb 11
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Hi all,

I have a problem in environmental data where measurements of a spatial process are below an (assumed known) detection limit for some sensors. 
example problems:
ML Stein [1992] - Prediction and inference for truncated spatial data

I'm wondering can this type of data be modelled in INLA. For example taking Steins example. Assume we have a GRF W with some mean and matern covariance. We observed 
Y = f(W) , for W > 0
Y = 0 , for W < 0.

The main extension in this case would be detection limits can vary by device (there are also high quality measurements that always measure exactly, but an arbitrarily small detection limit could be set) .
The closest example I have found is this for time series data:
using inla.surv() , I'm wondering can an SPDE spatial model be incorporated with the survival framework?






Helpdesk (Haavard Rue)

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Feb 11, 2026, 12:58:46 PM (yesterday) Feb 11
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This determinisic mapping is not possible.
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