Aims: To evaluate the real-world effectiveness of vildagliptin and vildagliptin/metformin, combined with patient engagement, on glycemic outcomes. Patient engagement included both clinicians' engaging patients through education and counseling; and patients' self-engagement through disease awareness, lifestyle changes, and medication adherence.
Conclusions: Vildagliptin and vildagliptin/metformin are effective and safe oral agents in the management of T2DM, especially if part of a treatment program with active patient engagement by clinicians and empowered patients.
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There is some evidence that colleges and universities have met this mission. Civic education has a long (if not always glorious) place in the curriculum. Colleges and universities have been sponsoring service-learning-like activities for well over a century. And education is positively correlated with voter turnout and a host of other civic behaviors.
But every success in civic engagement is accompanied by a significant doubt about its impact on political engagement. American knowledge of politics is low and by some measures declining even while college-going has increased markedly since 1940. Voter turnout on the whole has been steady and low since the 1910s, at least when compared with the robust voter turnout of the 1880s and 90s. And for all of the good service-learning has done for student learning and community organizations, it is not at all clear that service-learning leads students to engage in political life.
This special issue of The Journal for Civic Commitment is evidence of that expanded focus. It contains the results of a special project, co-sponsored by California Campus Compact, The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, and Learn and Serve America, to create service-learning courses that inspire political engagement.