Download Video The 1971 3 Full Movie
Latrisha Adan
The very existence of nuclear-weapon systems, even under the most sophisticated command-and-control procedures, obviously is a source of constant concern. Despite the most elaborate precautions, it is conceivable that technical malfunction or human failure, a misinterpreted incident or unauthorized action, could trigger a nuclear disaster or nuclear war. In the course of the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT), the United States and the Soviet Union reached two agreements that manifest increasing recognition of the need to reduce such risks, and that complement the central goal of the negotiations.
In early sessions, discussions parallel to the main SALT negotiations showed a degree of mutual concern regarding the problem of accidental war that indicated encouraging prospects of accord. These preliminary explorations resulted in the establishment of two special working groups under the direction of the two SALT delegations. One group focused on arrangements for exchanging information to reduce uncertainties and prevent misunderstandings in the event of a nuclear incident. The other addressed a related topic -- ways to improve the direct communications link between Washington and Moscow. By the summer of 1971, major substantive issues had been resolved, and draft international agreements were referred by the SALT delegations to their governments. Both agreements were signed in Washington on September 30, 1971, and came into force on that date.
The agreement provides that for urgent communication "in situations requiring prompt clarification" the "Hot Line" will be used. The duration of the agreement is not limited, and the parties undertake to consult on questions that may arise and to discuss possible amendments aimed at further reduction of risks.
Taking into account the devastating consequences that nuclear war would have for all mankind, and recognizing the need to exert every effort to avert the risk of outbreak of such a war, including measures to guard against accidental or unauthorized use of nuclear weapons,
Believing that agreement on measures for reducing the risk of outbreak of nuclear war serves the interests of strengthening international peace and security, and is in no way contrary to the interests of any other country,
Each Party undertakes to maintain and to improve, as it deems necessary, its existing organizational and technical arrangements to guard against the accidental or unauthorized use of nuclear weapons under its control.
The Parties undertake to notify each other immediately in the event of an accidental, unauthorized or any other unexplained incident involving a possible detonation of a nuclear weapon which could create a risk of outbreak of nuclear war. In the event of such an incident, the Party whose nuclear weapon is involved will immediately make every effort to take necessary measures to render harmless or destroy such weapon without its causing damage.
The Parties undertake to notify each other immediately in the event of detection by missile warning systems of unidentified objects, or in the event of signs of interference with these systems or with related communications facilities, if such occurrences could create a risk of outbreak of nuclear war between the two countries.
Each Party, in other situations involving unexplained nuclear incidents, undertakes to act in sucha manner as to reduce the possibility of its actions being misinterpreted by the other Party. In any such situation, each Party may inform the other Party or request information when in its view, this is warranted by the interests of averting the risk of outbreak of nuclear war.
For transmission of urgent information, notifications and requests for information in situations requiring prompt clarification, the Parties shall make primary use of the Direct Communications Link between the Governments of the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
For transmission of other information, notification and requests for information, the Parties, at their own discretion, may use any communications facilities, including diplomatic channels, depending on the degree of urgency.
The Parties undertake to hold consultations, as mutually agreed, to consider questions relating to implementation of the provisions of this Agreement, as well as to discuss possible amendments thereto aimed at further implementation of the purposes of this Agreement.
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From May 21 to 25, 1971, Travis experienced rioting resulting from tensions in the Airman dormitory area and the Vietnam War. One-hundred and thirty five individuals were arrested, 80 of them detained overnight. The base had to call for police assistance from at least 70 officers from the civilian community. (U.S. Air Force photo)
The Minnesota Miracle of 1971 resulted from a ten-year effort to restructure Minnesota's fiscal policy. Major contributors to the effort were Paul Gilje, then research director of the Citizens League; Representative Charles R. Weaver of Anoka; the Metropolitan Council; the 1967-1971 Republican legislatures; and state Senator Wendell Anderson, the 1970 Democratic gubernatorial candidate, elected governor, who campaigned on a pledge to make sweeping changes in the financing of schools and of local governments.
Rising public discontent with soaring property taxes created the ferment for needed reform of long-established policies: local governments and school districts were financed solely through autonomously levied property taxes; municipalities were forced to compete for commercial-industrial development to boost their tax base; and disparities in the quality of education between property-tax-rich and property-tax-poor districts were egregious. Reform laws enacted to resolve those issues, taken together, came to be known as the Minnesota Miracle of 1971. The Minnesota Miracle survived, relatively unchanged, for more than 30 years until 2002, when the property tax structure was again revised by legislative action.
In 1970, the American people made clear their desire for a cure for the second-leading cause of death in the United States. President Nixon responded during his January 1971 State of the Union address: "I will also ask for an appropriation of an extra $100 million to launch an intensive campaign to find a cure for cancer, and I will ask later for whatever additional funds can effectively be used. The time has come in America when the same kind of concentrated effort that split the atom and took man to the moon should be turned toward conquering this dread disease. Let us make a total national commitment to achieve this goal."
As part of this national effort, in October 1971, the Army's Fort Detrick, Maryland, biological warfare facility was converted to a cancer research center, eventually becoming the Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, an internationally recognized center for cancer and AIDS research.
On December 23, 1971, President Nixon followed through on his promise as he signed the National Cancer Act into law, declaring, "I hope in the years ahead we will look back on this action today as the most significant action taken during my Administration."1
When they exited the bus, journalists snapped photos of the two together. Two days later, the U.S. team received an official invitation to travel to China and play exhibition matches against the Chinese team. The United States accepted the invitation and everyone rushed to make arrangements.
The team left Japan for Hong Kong, where they crossed a bridge connecting British-controlled Hong Kong to mainland China on April 10, 1971. Connie Sweeris took out her camera and quickly snapped a photo of the bridge and the guards on it as they crossed the border on foot.
Once in China, the team traveled by plane and train to Beijing, Shanghai, and Tianjin. Upon arriving at their first destination and disembarking their plane, the U.S. team, Chinese players, and welcoming Chinese officials posed for a group photo on the tarmac.
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April 27, 1971Counties: Ohio (from McLean and Hopkins)F-scale: F1Deaths:Injuries:Path width:Path length: 34 milesTime: 6:45pm CDTNoted discrepancies: Only Hopkins County is listed at NCDC. SPC gives a path width of 10 yards, NCDC give 30 yards. SPC and NCDC agree on a path length of 36 miles, suggesting the tornado must have continued beyond Hopkins County. Storm Data lists a path length of 34 miles. The SPC/NCDC liftoff lat/lon is in Oho County but makes no sense for a tornado coming from Hopkins and McLean counties, especially without passing through Muhlenberg County. Interestingly, though, SvrPlot gives a very realistic plot for this tornado. Storm Data says the tornado touched down near Slaughters in Hopkins County, proceeded to Sacramento in McLean County, and then went on to Prentiss in Ohio County.Notes: Will use the Storm Data description.April 27, 1971Counties: Ohio, ButlerF-scale: F3Deaths:Injuries:Path width:Path length: 11 milesTime: 7:10pm CDTNotes: There is considerable disagreement among data sources regarding the end point of this tornado (despite excellent agreement on the touchdown point). After further research, it has been decided that this tornado touched down west of Cool Springs and north of Wysox in Ohio County. It proceeded to the east-southeast through Little Bend (near Mining City) and into Butler County. This project will end the tornado about two miles into Butler County. Damage was found as far east as the Reedyville and Roundhill areas along the Butler County/Edmonson County line, however these locations are not really in line with the earlier known tornado locations, and also there have been no damage reports found between the end point described above and these two locations. Damage in Roundhill and Reedyville may have been from straight-line winds or a separate small tornado. At this tornado's touchdown point in Ohio County a witness said it "swerved" as it approached his house, just grazing the home but destroying the garage and a nearby barn. Multiple vortices may have been visible. The tornado was witnessed at Little Bend and was described as being about 17 yards wide while moving at about 40mph (and accompanied by large hail). In this area a barn was destroyed and roof shingles were found embedded two inches deep into an oak tree. Will not disagree with the official strength ranking of F3, but it sounds like this tornado was a minimal F3 at best.Noted discrepancies: SPC and NCDC rank this as an F3, Grazulis call it an F2. SPC and NCDC list a path width of 20 yards, Grazulis says 50 yards, Storm Data 14 yards. April 27, 1971Counties: Harrison INF-scale: F1Deaths: 0Injuries: 2Path width: 50 yardsPath length: 15 milesTime: 6:30pmGrazulis narrative: Moved east from three and a half miles east of Mauckport to west of Laconia. A barn was destroyed and the debris was carried a quarter mile. Four other farm buildings were damaged. A trailer was carried 30 yards, then dropped and smashed. Two people were hospitalized. Minimal F2.Noted discrepancies: SPC and NCDC list this as an F1, Grazulis ranks it as an F2 (albeit "minimal").April 27, 1971Counties: Butler, Warren (from Muhlenberg)F-scale: F3Deaths: 1Injuries:Path width:Path length:Time: 8:20pm CDTGrazulis narrative: Skipped east-southeast from four miles east of Drakesboro, to near Ennis, South Hill, and Riverside. A six room brick veneer home was completely destroyed, as were several large trailers. There were two injuries in one, and a death in another. Many homes sustained damage. South Hill, where several people were injured and trailers were swept away, and Dunbar were especially hard hit. Cherry Chapel Church near Richardsville was destroyed. Damage was found along Stringtown Road in Butler County.Noted discrepancies: SPC and NCDC list no injuries, Grazulis lists 20, Storm Data lists 7. SPC lists a path length of 27 miles, NCDC 28 miles, Grazulis and Storm Data 30 miles. Grazulis ends this tornado closer to Riverside, SPC and NCDC end it closer to Richardsville (both in Warren County). According to Storm Data, radar first showed a hook echo four miles east of Drakesboro. The storm struck South Hill, 1.75 miles east of Ennis, and "probably" on to Riverside and Richardsville.April 27, 1971Counties: Green, AdairF-scale: F4Deaths: 6Injuries: 58Path width: 100 yardsPath length: 15 milesTime: 9:30pm CDTNotes: Moved east-southeast from Bramlett, passing three miles northeast of Columbia, to Vester and Christine. Six people were killed when the tornado demolished a number of homes in the Mount Pleasant Church area on KY 551. The church itself was leveled. A total of 51 homes, 33 barns, three churches, four trailers, and 100 other buildings were destroyed, and fifty more homes had major damage.Noted discrepancies: SPC and NCDC give a path length of 14 miles, Grazulis and Storm Data give 15. April 27, 1971Counties: Russell (to Pulaski)F-scale: F4Deaths: 2 (Mr and Mrs Bulon Swanson)Injuries: 72 (70 in Russell County, 2 in Pulaski County)Path width: 100 yardsPath length: 14 milesTime: 10:53pm CDTGrazulis narrative: Moved east from east of Russell Springs, to Salem, and to Faubush. At Gosser Ridge two people were killed on a farm as most of the buildings were swept away. Along the path, 35 homes, four trailers, 60 barns, and 79 other buildings were destroyed. There was major damage to 105 more homes. The Salem School was damaged. At one point, there were two distinct paths, as two funnels moved parallel to one another. See this YouTube video.Noted discrepancies: SPC and NCDC give a path length of 13 miles, Storm Data and Grazulis give 14. SPC, NCDC, and Storm Data give a path width of 100 yards, Grazulis gives 200 yards. According to Storm Data this tornado touched down two miles north of Russell Springs (Grazulis starts it east of Russell Springs).
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