Unit 1 Physical Pharmaceutics 2

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Aug 3, 2024, 5:47:38 PM8/3/24

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Center Mission and Rationale
The Center for Pharmaceutical Processing Research (CPPR) was established to advance understanding of how unit operations in the manufacture of pharmaceutical dosage forms influence critical quality attributes of pharmaceutical products, to explore novel processing technology aimed at improving product quality or decreasing cost, to develop and implement improved process monitoring methods, to foster an interdisciplinary approach to pharmaceutical processing research, and to catalyze scientific interaction between academic scientists and their counterparts in the pharmaceutical industry.

Research Program
The theme of the Center's research program is the application of physical chemistry and materials science to better understand, at a molecular level, the influence of processing conditions on the quality of pharmaceutical dosage forms. Major areas of research interest are:

This is a foundation unit in the Master of Pharmacy course. It provides an overview of the principles of physical pharmacy, pharmaceutical calculations and biopharmaceutics that underpin drug formulation into acceptable dosage forms and their therapeutic outcomes. The physical pharmacy and biopharmaceutics concepts are delivered through a combination of lectures and tutorials. Students apply this knowledge in tutorials. Students also learn to apply mathematical principles to calculate drug doses and the extemporaneous compounding of pharmaceutical formulations through case-based exercises in tutorials and practical classes.

Students are able to (1) explain and apply the key physical pharmacy concepts of acid-base ionisation, solubility and dissolution, partitioning phenomena, surface phenomena, colloid properties and powder properties; (2) articulate the interrelationships between the physiochemical properties of a drug, its dosage form, route of administration and bioavailability; (3) recognise common pharmaceutical surfactants and apply them to enhance drug solubility, dissolution and bioavailabilty; (4) classify a drug into its biopharmaceutical class and predict its bioavailability; (5) understand, differentiate and apply the concepts of bioavailability and bioequivalence; (6) apply mathematical principles to the preparation and the safe and effective use of medicinal products in different patient populations; and (7) prepare, label and record the extemporisation of medicinal mixtures in compliance with legislative and professional practice frameworks.

100% Online Unit. NO campus face-to-face attendance is required to complete this unit. All study requirements are online only. Unit is asynchronous delivery, with NO requirement for students to participate online at specific times.

100% Online Unit. NO campus face-to-face attendance is required to complete this unit. All study requirements are online only. Unit includes some synchronous components, with a requirement for students to participate online at specific times.

Clinical service is an essential part of our curriculum. Our affiliation with CHI Health will give you access to healthcare professionals who are leaders both in their professions and the community. Indeed, giving back is at the core of a Creighton education: our occupational therapy, physical therapy and pharmacy students regularly conduct clinics for underserved populations.

Graduates of our programs are well-positioned for careers in a wide range of health service settings, such as businesses, hospitals, clinics, governments, military units and academic/research institutions.

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Pharmaceutical Sciences encompass all aspects of the delivery, development, administration, and utilization of therapeutic drugs. The programs provide a stimulating and productive environment for graduate education and research for students with degrees in physical, biological, and social sciences. Research-intensive programs of study are offered in a wide range of areas leading to Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy degrees.

Graduate students may also participate in a wide variety of collaborative specializations offered at the University of Toronto and/or internships which provide the opportunity to gain experience in a pharmaceutical or biotech company or in global health placements around the world.

International graduate students in the department of pharmaceutical sciences make up a vibrant part of the Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy Community. We anticipate a limited number of funded spaces for international applicants in 2024-2025 (1-2 spaces maximum). We encourage all interested international applicants to carefully research faculty members in the Graduate Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and their areas of research before applying. International students may also wish to contact faculty members in advance of submitting their application. Securing a supervisor before applying is not required. Please consult the graduate faculty website to search for supervisors accepting students for 2024-2025.

Distillation is the process of separating the components or substances from a liquid mixture by selective boiling and condensation to increase the concentration of selected components of the mixture. The process exploits differences in the volatility of the mixture's components and this physical separation makes distillation a unit operation of practically universal importance.

Distillation plays an important role in the pharmaceutical industry where single stage batch distillations are frequently used and not the multistage distillation in columns studied at university. Distillation can be operated in batch or continuous modes, in single or multiple steps (put and take), and can be run for a variety of objectives: separation, solvent swap, drying from water, purification from volatile or non-volatile impurities and crystallization.

Distillation within the pharma industry is often used to solvent swap because the reaction solvent is usually different to the crystallization solvent or to concentrate a solution before crystallization. They offer many challenges, the environment of the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) and intermediates need to be controlled and the solubility limits known, impurity formation needs to be restricted by controlling the temperature and distillation time. Also, it is important to consider that dissolved species can affect phase equilibria.

Distillation can achieve different results depending on the conditions and equipment selected. There are a range of equipment and operating choices used at production and laboratory scale but often these are limited by the constraints from the chemistry involved. Phase equilibria is independent of scale, but other factors such as heat losses, vacuum or minimum and maximum stir volume are not. Distillation times can be increased considerably on plant, therefore it is difficult to scale up using experimental information. Phase diagram understanding is fundamental for distillation and simulations help in the decision-making process for optimal conditions and process specific requirements.

As an API moves through development, the scale and site of manufacture is subject to change. Understanding distillation and de-risking this operation by analysing the impact of different parameters such as pressure and equipment capability is fundamental in the technical transfer process. An overview on this fundamental unit operation focussing on different case studies showing continuous distillation, crystallization distillation and process optimisation through simulations will be given showing distillation lessons learn from the past and learnings for the future.

This unit involves on-campus-based learning activities that integrates a range of topics in the areas of pharmaceutics and pharmacology focusing on the physical and chemical factors influencing drug formulation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and pharmacological action. This critical knowledge is applied in pharmaceutical science to optimise therapy and improve the quality use of medicines. This fundamental unit prepares you to undertake future pharmaceutical science and pharmacology units offered in the Bachelor of Pharmacy with Honours.

1 Please refer to more information on student contribution amounts.
2 Please refer to more information on eligibility and Approved Pathway courses.
3 Please refer to more information on eligibility for HECS-HELP.
4 Please refer to more information on eligibility for FEE-HELP.

The Bachelor of Science in Pharmacology and Drug Development provides a novel path for science and non-science undergraduates at USC to gain significant knowledge in the disciplines of pharmacology and drug development. Pharmacology is the science of drugs including their origin, composition, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, therapeutic uses and toxicology. Drug development is the discipline that deals with the process of turning a new chemical entity (NCE) into a safe and effective medication for the advancement of human health. Completion of the major will prepare students for advanced clinical training in health-related fields including pharmacy, medicine and dentistry. It will also provide foundational education that can lead to new opportunities for students considering careers in biotech, pharmaceutics and biomedical industries.

The course provides a comprehensive understanding of the process of converting an active pharmaceutical ingredient into a medicinal product that can be safely and effectively administered to patients. On completion of the course, the student will have an in-depth knowledge of: - the correlation between physico-chemical properties of the active pharmaceutical ingredient, dosage form, route of administration and therapeutic outcome; - the formulation of solid, semi-solid and liquid dosage forms; - the role and application of excipients in the development of dosage forms; - the principles that govern stability improvement and quality assessment of dosage forms; - the technologies and equipment used in manufacturing processes. The course also provides practical skills related to pharmaceutical compounding.