It is reasonably clear who performs it in Q3:104. The context of the verse is an appeal for the unity of the community of believers, with contrasting reference to earlier communities; the believers, according to this verse, are to be (or at least include) a community (umma) which commands right and forbids wrong. Some of the other passages referring to the duty invite a similar interpretation (Q3:110, Q3:114, Q9:71); in other words, the obligation seems here to be one discharged by the collectivity of the believers. There are, however, two verses (Q9:112 and Q22:41) where thecontext suggests that those who perform the duty are the believers whoengage in holy war(and therefore not all believers). The first is syntactically problematic; but the believers have been mentioned in the previous verse for their commitment to holy war.
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