you would probably need to ask debian or apparmor on their forums or irc. #apparmor is on oftc network, #debian is on freenode.
Have you tried adding that path to the thunderbird profile? I guess it would need read write execution permisions? You would probably want to do it the most secure way though and I'm no expert.
I know I have to do something similar for hexchat certificate files every now and then. After I compare the key online I have to add the path to the profile and give it an r, at the end. In your case you will also need execute so rx, at least. See if there is other /usr/bin lines in the profile to compare.
Then after you save the new profile in terminal aa-disable the profile and aa-enable it and see if you get any errors or see if it works.
You can try adding /usr/bin/qubes-gpg-client-wrapper Uxr,
and see what happens. The gpg stuff might be more complicated then that though. You can also ask the guy who made your profile.
I put wrong command its aa-enforce *not enable.
Also I believe where you put the line in the profile matters try put it high up.