No, sex is not in the soul; the body determines sex. St. Thomas writes (
Super Sent., lib. 4 d. 25 q. 2 a. 1 qc. 1 arg. 3): "
Sed sexus non est in anima." St. Ambrose says the same thing in
De Virginitate cap. 13 ("the sexes of our souls are not different").
Also,
Matt 22:30 ("For in the resurrection they shall neither marry nor be married, but shall be
as [
sicut] the angels of God in heaven.") does not imply resurrected bodies are androgynous (
all the parts of the human body will rise again). The first clause of that verse distinguishes sex: "For in the resurrection they shall neither marry
[γαμούσιν = "to wed (of either sex):--marry (a wife)" /
nubent] nor be married [εκγαμίζονται = "to marry off a daughter:--give in marriage." /
nubentur (passive)]." St. Thomas writes (
source):
Jerome says: "Nubere is used in one way in Latin, and another in Greek, for in Latin 'to marry' [nubere]
is said only of women; hence, it is not said of either in the passive
voice; but in Greek men marry, that is they take wives, while women are
married [passive voice], but do not marry [active voice]." Therefore, He
says, They shall neither marry, referring to men, nor be married, referring to women.
A clearer translation of Mt. 22:30 could be: "For in the resurrection,
men shall neither marry nor women be given in marriage..."