@Andrew
I've actually just implemented this on a project. It took a little thinking but it's now working seamlessly. Here's what you do:
1. Set up a loopback device. No need to incorporate any specific apps or routing. The default settings will do it for you. If you need more than 2 channels of audio handling then you'll need to add channels by setting "Channel Mapping" to manual and adding channels to the list. But again, don't associate those channels with any specific applications. This is strictly a passive device.
2. Set up an aggregate device in AudioMIDI setup that incorporates the loopback device and whatever your "real" output is, whether it's built-in output or HDMI or whatever. The trick is in arranging the subdevices in the right way within the aggregate device. See the "Loopback Aggregate" screenshot I attached. The loopback subdevice is output and input 1-2, and the built-in output is output 3-4.
3. Now, in QLab, set your audio cue device to "Loopback Aggregate" and route the audio out 1-2.
4. Set up a mic cue and set the device to be "Loopback Aggregate" as well. Take input 1-2 and matrix it to output 3-4.
5. Voila! Audio from the cue runs through loopback, into the mic cue, and out channels 1-2 of the built in output! Theoretically you can do the same with as many channels of loopback or output as you need.
This is an awesome way to incorporate a "master volume" fader into your workspace if you don't have hardware between your qlab outputs and your amps. Aaaaand because it's based internally you can address it with OSC or MIDI from a controller. Also, I could be wrong, but I believe you can address AU plugins using fade cues when they are instantiated on a cue, but not when they're on a master output or device output, so this is an opportunity to automate plugin behavior across the master output.