Supported Windows Versions: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/uwp/updates-and-versions/choose-a-uwp-version
Minimum version for BLE scanning without paring and GATT Peripheral is : https://docs.microsoft.com/en-gb/windows/uwp/whats-new/windows-10-build-15063
Recommended Version: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-gb/windows/uwp/whats-new/windows-10-build-16299
How to update to latest build: https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4028685/windows-10-get-the-fall-creators-update
Windows UWP Docs
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-gb/windows/uwp/
BLE Specifc API's (subset)
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-gb/uwp/api/windows.devices.bluetooth.bluetoothledevice
Dev Forum: https://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/windowsapps/en-US/home?forum=wpdevelop
C# Sampels - Bluetooth LE
https://github.com/Microsoft/Windows-universal-samples/tree/master/Samples/BluetoothLE
Python Integration (Windows 10 IoT only? (maybe, see forum link below))
https://github.com/ms-iot/python/releases
https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/visualstudio/2017/05/12/a-lap-around-python-in-visual-studio-2017/
https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/iot/samples/helloworldpython
My question on Python and BLE API usage on the desktop (as opposed to just Win 10 IoT) posted on the forum: