Arcade Game Series Pac Man

[Eleanor Heidecker]

Arcanetitled onscreen as Arcane: League of Legends) is an adult animated steampunk action-adventure television series created by Christian Linke and Alex Yee. It was produced by the French animation studio Fortiche under the supervision of Riot Games, and distributed by Netflix. Set in Riot's League of Legends universe, it primarily focuses on sisters Vi and Jinx. The series was announced at the League of Legends 10th anniversary celebration in 2019, and first released in November 2021. Following the conclusion of the first season, Riot Games and Netflix announced that a second and final season was in production, to be released in November 2024.

Arcane was released to widespread acclaim, with praise directed at its animation, story, worldbuilding, action sequences, characters, emotional weight, sound, and voice acting. Some have noted the series' appeal both to casual viewers who have never played League of Legends and to long-time fans of the game.[1] It also set the record as Netflix's highest-rated series at the time within a week of its premiere, ranked first on the Netflix Top 10 Chart in 52 countries, and ranked second on the chart in the United States. Several critics and publications considered it one of the best video game adaptations ever made.[2] In 2022, the series became the first streaming series to win a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program and won an Annie Award for Best General Audience Animated Television Broadcast Production.

Amidst the escalating unrest between the rich, utopian city of Piltover and the seedy, oppressed underbelly of Zaun, sisters Vi and Jinx find themselves embroiled in a developing conflict over clashing convictions and arcane technologies.[3]

Arcane's production differed from standard industry practice. The idea for Arcane first came from Christian Linke in 2015 after Riot had initially delved into other media to help strengthen the connections players had with the IP such as cinematic trailers and music videos. But at that point, none of the promotional content had any dialogue. Next, instead of finding a new animation studio that specialized in television animation, Riot decided to continue their partnership with Fortiche who had produced music videos for them. Riot also targeted the "adult-minded" animation market instead of more established markets for video game to television animation adaptations.[6]

Arcane was first announced at the League of Legends 10th anniversary celebration in 2019,[7] and is set in Riot's League of Legends fictional universe,[8][9] In September 2021, it was announced that Hailee Steinfeld, Ella Purnell, Kevin Alejandro, Katie Leung, Jason Spisak, Toks Olagundoye, JB Blanc and Harry Lloyd had joined the voice cast.[10]

On November 20, 2021, following the conclusion of Arcane's first season, Riot Games and Netflix announced that a second season was in production for a post-2022 release.[11][5] In 2023, it was reported that the second season is set to premiere in the last quarter of 2024,[12] while an official announcement was made in November during the annual Netflix Geeked Week, with a release date set to November 2024.[13] In June 2024, it was announced that the second season will be its final season.[14]

Originally set for a 2020 release, the show was rescheduled for a release in 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[22] It was scheduled for a simultaneous November 6, 2021, release on Netflix and China's Tencent Video,[23] with the series broken into nine episodes, with three episode "acts" being released once a week over three weeks.[24][25]

The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 100% approval rating with an average rating of 9.10/10, based on 29 reviews. The site's critical consensus reads, "Arcane makes an arresting first impression, combining a spectacular mix of 2D and 3D animation with an emotionally compelling story to deliver a video game adaptation that could become legendary."[29] The series also became Netflix's number-one show in November 2021,[30] setting the record as Netflix's highest-rated series so far within a week of its premiere, ranked first on the Netflix Top 10 Chart in 52 countries, and ranked second on the chart in the United States.[31]

Writing for IGN, Rafael Motamayor called the first season of Arcane a "classic in the making, and the nail in the coffin of the so-called video game curse." He noted that the show worked for fans of League of Legends and newcomers, saying that "the character stories are what keep you engaged episode after episode; the lore is just icing on the cake." He also praised the voice cast, highlighting the performances of Leung, Purnell, Aghdashloo and Steinfeld, calling the latter performance the show's standout. Praising the animation, Motamayor called it the "most stunning piece of animation since Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse" and compared it to Invincible in terms of episode structure. He concluded by saying that Arcane "delivers a killing blow to the idea that video games cannot be masterfully adapted... with compelling characters, an endearing story, and fascinating lore and worldbuilding, as well as striking visuals," calling it a "once-in-a-generation masterpiece" and giving it a 10 out of 10 rating.[32]

Andrew Webster of The Verge praised the "fantasy-meets-steampunk world" and how no knowledge of League was needed to understand the show. Despite calling Act 1 "a fairly typical fantasy tale" he lauded the animation, saying that "each frame looks like a gorgeous piece of hand-painted concept art; in motion, it's like nothing I've ever seen" and that "it's also a world that feels lived-in and fully realized."[33] Matt Cabral of Common Sense Media called the first season "visually stunning" and that it "features the sort of nuanced characterizations, thoughtful storytelling, and rich worldbuilding typically associated with big-budget, big-screen epics." He also took note of the blend of fantasy, steampunk and sci-fi with emphasis on how the story puts a "fresh spin on the heavily recycled premise." Cabral concluded that viewers didn't need to have played League to appreciate the show.[34]

Reviewing the first four episodes of the first season, Tara Bennett of Paste enjoyed the way that "[the creators] purposefully made an adult animated drama that unflinchingly utilizes violence, adult language, and very dark storylines when needed to make the lives of the large ensemble cast resonate." Bennett favorably compared the series to Game of Thrones, Shadow and Bone, Castlevania and BioShock. She was also positive about the "nuance and subtle facial movements" of Fortiche's animation combined with the performances from Steinfeld, Jenness, Purnell and Spisak. Bennett called "Enemy" by Imagine Dragons "infectious" and that the show is "the new benchmark for what can be done when it comes to successfully translating worthy videogame universes into a different medium."[35]

Arcane became the first streaming television series based on a video game as well as the first video game adaptation to win both Annie Awards and Primetime Emmy Awards, as the former became the first streaming series to both win the most awards from the same nominations in a single year, and to sweep the Annies with nine, while the latter won Outstanding Animated Program, becoming the first Netflix series to do so.[39] Arcane also won the inaugural category Best Adaptation (awarded to media based on video games) from The Game Awards 2022.[40]

Asteroids uses what is known as '30 Hz. flicker'. That is, half the frame is updated one second, and the other half the next second. This leads to the flickering you see in the ROM. The same thing would happen on a real console and TV.

Now, many people find this distracting, so Stella has a 'phosphor mode', which basically mixes the two 30Hz frames together and eliminates flicker. However, it is only enabled for ROMs which it knows need this functionality, by making use of its internal database. I suspect the the "DC" version you mention is in the Stella database, while the other one isn't.

Also ok that what I see on this game (as in all the other played on a real hw...) should be called flickering (one frame the boulders, the other the ships) and not blinking (like, for example, Pac's (and Ms' and Jr.'s...) ghosts) which consist in VCS limitation in drawing two sprites at the same scanline (sorry...I'm not too smart with VCS' drawing attitudes but I do for "basic" CRT TV working ).

What I call '30Hz. flicker' should really be called 'two-frame' drawing. That is, it takes two frames to show the entire contents of the image. I make that distinction because under PAL, it would still be two frames, but 25Hz, since a PAL display runs at 50 Hz. The reason it's called phosphor mode in Stella is because on certain TVs with high-persistence phosphors, the flicker would be less noticeable.

I'm not absolutely sure, but I believe Pac-man uses 20Hz flicker, and takes 3 frames to draw the entire image. This of course will result in even worse blinking, and since Stella phosphor mode only mixes up to two frames, it can't hide the issues entirely.

EDIT: I should add that this 2-frame drawing isn't actually an interlaced display, which may be how I described it above. In an interlaced display, every other scanline is drawn in alternating frames. In 2-frame drawing, an entire image is drawn every frame, but each frame only consists of a subset of the game objects (ie, in Asteroids, first you see the boulders, then the ship, etc). In either case, you'll get a flickering/blinking image, but behind the scenes something different is occurring.

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