Software Tora
Su Strawderman
LSEG TORA is a cloud-based multi-asset, cross-region front-to-back end trading solution that supports buy-side customers trading across global equities, fixed income, FX, derivatives and digital assets.
For more information on how LSEG uses your data, see our Privacy Statement. You can adjust your preferences at any time through the preference link in any electronic communication that you receive from us.
This integrated software package already connects with custodians, prime brokerage and trade matching providers across the globe. The functionality is fully auditable, MIFID II-compliant and automatically details in depth order records, price information, best execution reports and analytics.
Real-time, actionable analytics - Delivers actionable TCA data to portfolio managers and traders across the order life cycle. Customised, delivered and managed by the same people and technology that run all your software.
You decide what you want to see - Adjust analytics parameters on-the-fly so you get to see the data you care about and that your firm measures performance by. Get it in real-time so traders can take action, like routing to venues with better fill quality.
Leverage TCA data to achieve MiFID II best execution compliance - Use integrated pre-trade and intra-day analytics to drive execution strategy selection, and capture the entire process in a best-execution audit trail.
We keep the primary relationship between client and broker intact. As a broker-agnostic service provider, our objectives are aligned with those of our clients, allowing us to provide unconflicted global execution.
It provides access to 500 over the latest multi-asset broker algos and allows you to trade across a variety of asset classes, including global equities, FX, derivatives and fixed income in one unified platform.
The systems can be utilised as one single system for all OMS, EMS & PMS requirements or as individual best in breed platforms. Equity traders will have access to the latest TCA & AI for best execution, stock borrowing, rebalancing and pairs trading within the OEMS. The equities PMS also offers a new generation of general ledges, charting capabilities and detailed time series.
Our fully integrated Order and Execution Management System (OEMS) delivers one platform that connects to all major crypto exchanges, delivers detailed customisable market data, latest crypto algos with smart order routing and parent and child order slicing.
Clients can set up compliance checks, create automated limits and restricted trading lists with direct compliance manager approval. Users can also see a full audit trail for every order that can be accessed anytime.
Our market-leading price-spread and price-ratio pairs algorithms enable you to trade pairs using coins on any of the 35 exchanges our digital assets are currently connected to, with coins on the same or different exchanges.
The information provided on and through the TORA websites is intended only for institutional accounts as defined by FINRA (or institutional professional accounts as defined by SFC) and it is not intended for retail investors/persons. TORA services are not available in all jurisdictions.
Although we have taken significant steps to develop and implement a sound BCP and business recovery plan, we cannot guarantee that systems will always be available or recoverable after a disaster or significant business disruption. We believe however that our planning for such events is robust and consistent with many of the best practices established within the industry. Any material changes to the above information will be available on our website or upon request.
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Senna tora is a widely used medicinal plant. Its health benefits have been attributed to the large quantity of anthraquinones, but how they are made in plants remains a mystery. To identify the genes responsible for plant anthraquinone biosynthesis, we reveal the genome sequence of S. tora at the chromosome level with 526 Mb (96%) assembled into 13 chromosomes. Comparison among related plant species shows that a chalcone synthase-like (CHS-L) gene family has lineage-specifically and rapidly expanded in S. tora. Combining genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and biochemistry, we identify a CHS-L gene contributing to the biosynthesis of anthraquinones. The S. tora reference genome will accelerate the discovery of biologically active anthraquinone biosynthesis pathways in medicinal plants.
Anthraquinones are aromatic polyketides made by bacteria, fungi, insects, and plants18,19. Besides their medicinal benefits, natural anthraquinones are garnering attention as alternatives to synthetic dyes that damage aquatic ecosystems20,21,22. Bacteria, fungi, and insects make anthraquinones via a polyketide pathway using type I or II polyketide synthases18,23.
For plants, how anthraquinones are made remains unknown. Two biosynthesis pathways have been proposed for anthraquinones in plants: (1) a polyketide pathway24 and (2) a combination of shikimate and mevalonate/methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate pathways25,26. More than three decades ago, radiolabeled feeding experiments indicated that the A and B rings of anthraquinones were derived from shikimate and α-ketoglutarate via O-succinylbenzoate27,28,29 and C ring from mevalonate pathway via isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP)25,26,30 or 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway31,32. Contrarily, recent studies speculated biosynthesis of anthraquinones in plants to occur via a polyketide pathway33,34,35. Type III polyketide synthase (PKS) enzymes could actively catalyze seven successive decarboxylative condensations of malonyl-CoA to produce an octaketide chain34,35. The linear polyketide chain undergoes cyclization and decarboxylation reactions to produce the core unit of polyketides such as atrochrysone carboxylic acid followed by decarboxylation to atrochrysone and dehydration to emodin anthrone33,34,35,36,37 (Supplementary Fig. 1). However, to date, no study in type III PKS enzymes has provided conclusive evidence on the biosynthesis of anthraquinones or the intermediate metabolites of the pathways. Beerhues and colleagues33 showed promising outcomes on the biosynthesis of an anthranoid scaffold via the polyketide pathway. The in vitro reaction using acetyl-CoA, stable carbon isotope-labeled malonyl-CoA, and cell-free extracts of Cassia bicapsularis cell cultures produced emodin anthrone and O-methylated torochrysone33. However, this study could not discern whether a PKS was involved in the biosynthesis of the anthranoid scaffolds.
In this work, we present a high-quality reference genome of S. tora cultivar Myeongyun, examine the evolution of candidate gene families involved in anthraquinone biosynthesis, and identify the enzyme known to catalyze a plant anthraquinone. By combining genomic, transcriptomic, metabolomic, and biochemical approaches, we systematically screen and identify a putative gene responsible for biosynthesis of an anthraquinone scaffold in S. tora.
To test the hypothesis that CHS-Ls might be involved in anthraquinone biosynthesis in S. tora, we turned to the tissue that is enriched in anthraquinones, the seed. We profiled anthranoids from seven developmental stages of the seed (Fig. 2a), using ten standard anthraquinones (Supplementary Table 12) as references for quantification. Anthraquinone accumulation varied in each stage (Fig. 2b). Importantly, the profile shifted toward modified derivatives such as glucoaurantio-obtusin, aurantio-obtusin, obtusifolin, and chryso-obtusin during late stages of seed development (Fig. 2b and Supplementary Table 13) essentially becoming major storage metabolites in dry seeds.
To identify genes involved in the biosynthesis of anthraquinones during seed development, we performed transcriptome and metabolome analysis from developing seeds. The majority (68%) of genes decreased in expression during seed maturation (Supplementary Fig. 14 and Supplementary Data 9). Similarly, metabolic gene expression decreased across all metabolic domains during seed maturation (Supplementary Fig. 15 and Supplementary Data 4), consistent with metabolite-profiling results, which showed that the majority of primary metabolites involved in central carbon metabolism were reduced after stage 4 (Supplementary Figs. 16, 17, and Supplementary Data 5, 6). However, some genes increased in expression during seed maturation (32% genes represented by 5 clusters, Supplementary Fig. 14 and Supplementary Data 9), which we reasoned would be enriched in anthraquinone biosynthetic enzymes. To identify genes that showed similar expression patterns as anthraquinone biosynthesis, we first identified all genes that were differentially expressed relative to stage 1 during seed development. Co-expression analysis of differentially expressed genes during seed development detected nine co-expression clusters (Supplementary Fig. 14). Among them, clusters 3 and 6 showed similar patterns to anthraquinone accumulation in which genes were highly induced starting stage 5 (Fig. 2c, d). Cluster 6 was statistically overrepresented with genes annotated as transferases, UDP-glycosyltransferases, and oxidoreductases, which may reflect enzymes involved in the tailoring of anthraquinones to produce gluco-obtusifolin, glucoaurantio-obtusin, and other derivatives including aurantio-obtusin (Fig. 2b and Supplementary Table 14). In addition, genes in clusters 3 and 6 were enriched with specialized, fatty acid and lipid, cofactor, and carbohydrate metabolism in StoraCyc (Fig. 2c, d, and Supplementary Data 7).
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