Hi Kyle,
Normally in
DfuSe Demo, once you have selected a pyboard in DFU mode using the
Available Devices drop down menu, you can select a
.dfu file for upload to the board directly using the
Choose button, without modifying the file you have downloaded from the micropython downloads page in any way. I have never used the STM32 CubeProgrammer program so do not know what file formats it expects, or what might be going wrong there. I'm not sure what to suggest wrt getting dfuse demo to recognise the pyboard, but it might be worth trying it on a different computer, and failing that searching or asking on the main
Micropython message board.
One thing that can prevent firmware uploads from working is if you upload firmware for the wrong board, e.g. for pyb v1.0 rather than pyb v.1.1. I have done this before and it bricks the board, though you can recover it by putting the board back into DFU mode by physically connecting the DFU pin to 3.3v and pressing the reset button, then uploading the correct version of the firmware.
Also, this is not helpful for you current problem but version 1.9.3 is an older version of Micropython than version 1.12 (the latest version currently is v1.15). The numbering convention is a bit confusing.
best,
Thomas
PS: I am on holiday this week so will probably not get back to messages before next Monday.