It is possible to write function that run natively (written in C) which are generally faster and then call them from your java code. I would recommend looking into the android NDK (not SDK). However, as android phones run on different architectures, you will have to compile your native code for every one (I believe).
if you're really concerned about speed, go the NDK route. Otherwise, it would be more convenient to rewrite your algos in java.
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Rodrigo Haragutchi
Purdue ACM SigApp President
Google Student Ambassador