Hi Chris,
Before I saw your answer, I went ahead and installed puppet agent on Windows, thinking that it should get me most of the pieces needed for puppet master installed. I was pleasantly surprised to discover that puppet has a single entry point for master, agent, cert, etc, which means that the Windows installer already installed everything I needed to run puppet master. To get the master running, I had to disable the Windows check that errors out if you try to run the master on Windows. I also had to bypass (make it a warning instead of an error), the check that tries to change the group of the puppet service. I then modified puppet.conf with windows values for ssldir and voila, that was it, puppet master launched correctly on windows.
I was then able to connect a Linux agent, sign its certificate, and apply a simple manifest to it (write a file with the IP). I got a few errors about the agent not being able to retrieve pluginfacts and plugins, but the operation succeeded.
This was a very simple proof of concept, but it did give me confidence that the main parts of puppet master work on Windows (signing certificates, compiling manifests, etc). There is still a ton of work to get everything working reliably, but is good to know that the main pieces are in place. I will definitely follow up with you if we decide to go this route.
Thanks for the help,
Alejandro del Castillo