I'm about confused about what you mean by the client "pointing to the
new CA" and Puppet "hitting the original CA". The CA is only involved
in signing certificates. It is not actively involved in verifying
certificates (though verifiers do use the CA's certificate).
Admitedly, that distinction can be somewhat muddy when the
Puppetmaster serves as its own CA, but it more-or-less still holds.
If your client already has a valid certificate, regardless of which CA
signed it, then that is the certificate it will present. If the
master can verify that certificate then it will accept the client.
If you want the master to reject certificates signed by the old CA,
then you must configure it so that it does not trust that CA. Even
better, also revoke all the certificates signed by the old CA and
install the corresponding CRL in the master.
John