Re: [LAStools] Waveforms in LAS-1.4+WDP data
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Martin Isenburg
Apr 3, 2018, 6:02:57 PM4/3/18
to LAStools - efficient command line tools for LIDAR processing, PulseWaves - no pulse left behind
Hello Andres,
sorry for the very late reply but I just now got to install TarTool.exe on my Windows laptop to actually look at the fwf_test data that you have so nicely prepared. First let's look at the PulseWaves file (since that format is closer to my heart than the "ugly" LAS FWF extension (-;).
This seems to be a relatively new data set (created on the 38th day of 2018) and created for a relatively new sensor (the RIEGL VQ-1560i) and exported by RiPROCESS version 1.8.5. The file contains 22 pulses and the header bounding box suggests that all
samples of the digitized returning waveforms from all of these 22 pulses combined are said to reside within a bounding box ranging approximately from (x=690884 y=6466245 z=28) to (x=690887 y=6466263 z=62). The samples are digitized every 1.00503 nanoseconds and stored with 16 bit resolution (that's a first from RIEGL for me, all previous samples I've seen were stored with 8 bit resolution) and there are still two channels both of which have their amplitude conversion table that map the (non-linearly?) recorded sample value to a corrected amplitude on some (linear?) measurement scale of some (?!?)
physical unit.
variable length header record 19 of 20:
reserved 0
user ID 'PulseWaves_Spec'
record ID 200013
length after header 196
description 'PulseWaves 0.3 r11 (150617) by rapidlasso'
PULSEdescriptor 13
optical_center_to_anchor_point: 0x0 ('coincide')
number_of_extra_waves_bytes: 0
number_of_samplings: 1
sample_units: 1.00503 [nanoseconds]
scanner_index: 1
compression: 0
description: 'returns(s), vary'
sampling[0]
type: 1 ('outgoing')
channel: 3
bits_for_duration_from_anchor: 32
scale_for_duration_from_anchor: 0.00165992
offset_for_duration_from_anchor: 0
bits_for_number_of_segments: 8
bits_for_number_of_samples: 16
number_of_segments: 0
number_of_samples: 0
bits_per_sample: 8
lookup_table_index: 1
sample_units: 1.0 [nanoseconds]
compression: 0
description: 'outgoing, reference, vary'
But then all 22 pulses use the PULSEdescriptor 13 (see pulseinfo report below) that is specified as having one (varying) sampling of the *outgoing* pulse (the one leaving the LiDAR system) as marked in red above. It also uses the most flexible way of specifying it where both the number of segments and the number of samples per segment can vary and an outgoing pulse is usually sampled the same way each time. That seems to be the first error of the export software. Recording only the outgoing waveform would make little sense. Because they are marked "outgoing" there are not actually rendered by pulseview so i have to press <SHIFT>+<r> in pulseview to plot them in red (see below). That is the first mistake and those plots (shown below) hint at the second mistake. A integer overflow due to new 16 bit instead of 8 bit samples.
The second mistake (marked above also in red) is that the number of bits per sample is set to 8 when in fact it seems to be 16 (see images below). And this is where I stop debugging. Clearly this export in PulseWaves does not use the specification as intended. I seem to remember the previous exporter results were run by me to check that the resulting PulseWaves where valid. This time - for a new system - it's the first time I see this 16 bit data that uses this flexible sampling (in terms of segments and samples per segment) and it seems that exporter needs some more work.
Check the images below and you see that all values above 255 are stored modulo 255 ... something typical happening when writing a 16 bit number to an 8 bit field. You also see the in the textual output created with pulse2pulse (also below) that no value is above 255.
Regards,
Martin @rapidlasso
=================
pulseinfo.exe -i fwf_test\pw\ku3.pls
reporting all PULSE header entries:
file signature: 'PulseWavesPulse'
global parameters: 0
file source ID: 0
project ID GUID data 1-4: 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
system identifier: 'RiPROCESS 1.8.5'
generating software: 'PulseWaves DLL 0.3 r11 (150617) by rapidlasso'
file creation day/year: 38/2018
version major.minor: 0.3
header size: 352
offset to pulse data: 25735
number of pulses: 22
pulse format: 0
pulse attributes: 0
pulse size: 48
pulse compression: 0
number vlrs: 20
number avlrs: 0
scale factor and offset t: 1e-006 1000000000
min max T: 46001202200 46001202308
scale factor x y z: 0.00025 0.00025 0.00025
offset x y z: 689390 6466000 350
min x y z: 690884.25899999996 6466245.7077500001 28.692250000000001
max x y z: 690887.05724999995 6466263.1422499996 61.945249999999987
variable length header record 1 of 20:
reserved 0
user ID 'PulseWaves_Proj'
record ID 34735
length after header 216
description 'PulseWaves 0.3 r11 (150617) by rapidlasso'
GeoKeyDirectoryTag version 1.1.0 number of keys 26
key 1024 tiff_tag_location 0 count 1 value_offset 1 - GTModelTypeGeoKey: ModelTypeProjected
key 1025 tiff_tag_location 0 count 1 value_offset 2 - GTRasterTypeGeoKey: RasterPixelIsPoint
key 1026 tiff_tag_location 34737 count 8 value_offset 0 - GTCitationGeoKey: L-EST97
key 2048 tiff_tag_location 0 count 1 value_offset 32767 - GeographicTypeGeoKey: user-defined
key 2049 tiff_tag_location 34737 count 7 value_offset 16 - GeogCitationGeoKey: ETRS89
key 2050 tiff_tag_location 0 count 1 value_offset 32767 - GeogGeodeticDatumGeoKey: user-defined
key 2051 tiff_tag_location 0 count 1 value_offset 32767 - GeogPrimeMeridianGeoKey: look-up for 32767 not implemented
key 2052 tiff_tag_location 0 count 1 value_offset 9001 - GeogLinearUnitsGeoKey: Linear_Meter
key 2054 tiff_tag_location 0 count 1 value_offset 9102 - GeogAngularUnitsGeoKey: Angular_Degree
key 2056 tiff_tag_location 0 count 1 value_offset 32767 - GeogEllipsoidGeoKey: look-up for 32767 not implemented
key 2057 tiff_tag_location 34736 count 1 value_offset 0 - GeogSemiMajorAxisGeoKey: 1.597830983e-202
key 2059 tiff_tag_location 34736 count 1 value_offset 1 - GeogInvFlatteningGeoKey: 1.63308805e-194
key 2060 tiff_tag_location 0 count 1 value_offset 9102 - GeogAzimuthUnitsGeoKey: Angular_Degree
key 2061 tiff_tag_location 34736 count 1 value_offset 2 - GeogPrimeMeridianLongGeoKey: 1.64084296e-194
key 3072 tiff_tag_location 0 count 1 value_offset 32767 - ProjectedCSTypeGeoKey: user-defined
key 3073 tiff_tag_location 34737 count 8 value_offset 8 - PCSCitationGeoKey: L-EST97
key 3074 tiff_tag_location 0 count 1 value_offset 32767 - ProjectionGeoKey: user-defined
key 3075 tiff_tag_location 0 count 1 value_offset 8 - ProjCoordTransGeoKey: CT_LambertConfConic_2SP
key 3076 tiff_tag_location 0 count 1 value_offset 9001 - ProjLinearUnitsGeoKey: Linear_Meter
key 3078 tiff_tag_location 34736 count 1 value_offset 3 - ProjStdParallel1GeoKey: 1.637686649e-194
key 3079 tiff_tag_location 34736 count 1 value_offset 4 - ProjStdParallel2GeoKey: 1.642891427e-194
key 3084 tiff_tag_location 34736 count 1 value_offset 6 - ProjFalseOriginLongGeoKey: 1.639588797e-194
key 3085 tiff_tag_location 34736 count 1 value_offset 5 - ProjFalseOriginLatGeoKey: 1.649956547e-194
key 3086 tiff_tag_location 34736 count 1 value_offset 7 - ProjFalseOriginEastingGeoKey: 1.964487932e-315
key 3087 tiff_tag_location 34736 count 1 value_offset 8 - ProjFalseOriginNorthingGeoKey: 0
key 4099 tiff_tag_location 0 count 1 value_offset 9001 - VerticalUnitsGeoKey: Linear_Meter
variable length header record 2 of 20:
reserved 0
user ID 'PulseWaves_Proj'
record ID 34736
length after header 72
description 'PulseWaves 0.3 r11 (150617) by rapidlasso'
GeoDoubleParamsTag (number of doubles 9)
1.59783e-202 1.63309e-194 1.64084e-194 1.63769e-194 1.64289e-194 1.64996e-194 1.63959e-194 1.96449e-315 0
variable length header record 3 of 20:
reserved 0
user ID 'PulseWaves_Proj'
record ID 34737
length after header 23
description 'PulseWaves 0.3 r11 (150617) by rapidlasso'
GeoAsciiParamsTag (number of characters 23)
L-EST97|L-EST97|ETRS89|
variable length header record 4 of 20:
reserved 0
user ID 'PulseWaves_Spec'
record ID 100001
length after header 248
description 'PulseWaves 0.3 r11 (150617) by rapidlasso'
PULSEscanner 1
instrument: 'VQ-1560i'
serial: 'S2222679'
wave_length: 1064 [nanometer]
outgoing_pulse_width: 0 [nanoseconds]
scan_pattern: 2 ('line')
number_of_mirror_facets: 4
scan_frequency: 300.006 [hertz]
scan_angle_min: 61.1833 [degree]
scan_angle_max: 119.244 [degree]
pulse_frequency: 1000 [kilohertz]
beam_diameter_at_exit_aperture: 0.0007 [millimeters]
beam_divergence: 2.5e-006 [milliradians]
minimal_range: 163.309 [meters]
maximal_range: 500.769 [meters]
description: ''
variable length header record 5 of 20:
reserved 0
user ID 'PulseWaves_Spec'
record ID 300001
length after header 12700
description 'PulseWaves 0.3 r11 (150617) by rapidlasso'
PULSEtable 1
number_tables: 1
description: 'PulseWaves DLL 0.3 r11 (150617) by rapidlasso'
PULSElookupTable 0
number_entries: 3135
unit_of_measurement: 1
data_type: 8 ('float')
description: 'amplitude conversion table for low channel'
-154.9462 -154.9462 -154.9462 -154.9462 -154.9462 -154.9462 -154.9462 -154.9462
-154.9462 -154.9462 -154.9462 -154.9462 -154.9462 -154.9462 -154.9462 -154.9462
-154.9462 -154.9462 -154.9462 -154.9462 -154.9462 -154.9462 -154.9462 -154.9462
-154.9462 -154.9462 -154.9462 -154.9462 -154.9462 -154.9462 -154.9462 -154.9462
-154.9462 -154.9462 -154.9462 -154.9462 -154.9462 -154.9462 -154.9462 -154.9462
-154.9462 -154.9462 -154.9462 -154.9462 -154.9462 -154.9462 -154.9462 -154.9462
-13.9681 -7.1428 -0.3174 6.5079 13.3332 20.1585 26.9838 33.8092
40.6345 47.4598 54.2851 61.1104 67.9358 74.7611 81.5864 88.4117
95.2370 102.0623 108.8877 115.7130 122.5383 129.3636 136.1889 143.0143
149.8396 156.6649 163.4902 170.3155 177.1408 183.9662 190.7915 197.6168
203.6835 208.3328 212.9822 217.6316 222.2809 226.9303 231.5797 236.2290
240.8784 245.5278 250.1772 254.8265 259.4759 264.1252 268.7746 273.4240
278.0734 282.7227 287.3721 292.0215 296.6708 301.3202 305.9695 310.6189
315.2683 319.9177 324.5670 329.2164 333.8658 338.5151 343.1645 347.3426
350.7514 354.1603 357.5692 360.9781 364.3869 367.7958 371.2047 374.6136
378.0225 381.4313 384.8402 388.2491 391.6580 395.0668 398.4757 401.8846
405.2935 408.7024 412.1112 415.5201 418.9290 422.3379 425.7467 429.1556
432.5645 435.9734 439.3823 442.7911 446.2000 449.6089 452.8217 455.5706
458.3194 461.0682 463.8170 466.5659 469.3147 472.0635 474.8123 477.5612
480.3100 483.0588 485.8076 488.5565 491.3053 494.0541 496.8029 499.5518
502.3006 505.0494 507.7982 510.5471 513.2959 516.0447 518.7935 521.5424
524.2912 527.0400 529.7888 532.5377 535.2865 537.7079 540.0071 542.3064
544.6056 546.9048 549.2040 551.5033 553.8026 556.1017 558.4010 560.7002
562.9995 565.2987 567.5979 569.8972 572.1964 574.4956 576.7948 579.0941
581.3933 583.6925 585.9918 588.2910 590.5902 592.8895 595.1887 597.4879
599.7871 602.0864 604.3856 606.6848 608.8566 610.8499 612.8433 614.8366
616.8300 618.8233 620.8167 622.8100 624.8033 626.7967 628.7900 630.7834
632.7767 634.7701 636.7634 638.7567 640.7501 642.7434 644.7368 646.7301
648.7234 650.7168 652.7101 654.7035 656.6968 658.6902 660.6835 662.6769
664.6702 666.6635 668.6569 670.6502 672.4169 674.1337 675.8505 677.5673
679.2841 681.0009 682.7177 684.4345 686.1513 687.8681 689.5849 691.3017
693.0185 694.7353 696.4521 698.1689 699.8857 701.6025 703.3192 705.0360
706.7528 708.4696 710.1864 711.9032 713.6200 715.3368 717.0536 718.7704
720.4872 722.2040 723.9208 725.5853 727.1465 728.7079 730.2692 731.8305
733.3918 734.9531 736.5144 738.0757 739.6370 741.1984 742.7597 744.3210
745.8823 747.4436 749.0049 750.5662 752.1276 753.6888 755.2502 756.8115
758.3728 759.9341 761.4954 763.0567 764.6180 766.1793 767.7407 769.3019
770.8633 772.4246 773.8979 775.3116 776.7254 778.1392 779.5529 780.9666
782.3804 783.7941 785.2078 786.6216 788.0353 789.4491 790.8628 792.2766
793.6903 795.1041 796.5178 797.9315 799.3453 800.7590 802.1727 803.5865
805.0002 806.4140 807.8277 809.2415 810.6552 812.0690 813.4827 814.8964
816.2759 817.5176 818.7592 820.0009 821.2426 822.4842 823.7258 824.9675
826.2092 827.4508 828.6924 829.9341 831.1758 832.4174 833.6591 834.9008
836.1424 837.3840 838.6257 839.8674 841.1090 842.3506 843.5923 844.8340
846.0756 847.3173 848.5589 849.8006 851.0422 852.2839 853.5255 854.7102
855.8524 856.9946 858.1367 859.2789 860.4211 861.5633 862.7054 863.8477
864.9898 866.1320 867.2742 868.4164 869.5586 870.7007 871.8430 872.9851
874.1273 875.2695 876.4117 877.5538 878.6960 879.8383 880.9804 882.1226
883.2648 884.4070 885.5491 886.6913 887.8335 888.9757 890.1140 891.2131
892.3123 893.4115 894.5106 895.6098 896.7089 897.8081 898.9073 900.0064
901.1056 902.2047 903.3039 904.4031 905.5022 906.6014 907.7005 908.7997
909.8989 910.9980 912.0972 913.1963 914.2955 915.3946 916.4938 917.5930
918.6921 919.7913 920.8904 921.9896 923.0887 924.1821 925.2339 926.2858
927.3375 928.3893 929.4412 930.4930 931.5447 932.5966 933.6484 934.7002
935.7520 936.8038 937.8556 938.9074 939.9592 941.0110 942.0628 943.1146
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952.5809 953.6326 954.6844 955.7363 956.7110 957.6563 958.6017 959.5470
960.4924 961.4377 962.3831 963.3284 964.2737 965.2191 966.1644 967.1098
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990.3312 991.1943 992.0574 992.9205 993.7836 994.6467 995.5098 996.3729
997.2360 998.0991 998.9622 999.8253 1000.6884 1001.5515 1002.4146 1003.2776
1004.1407 1005.0038 1005.8669 1006.7300 1007.5931 1008.4562 1009.3193 1010.1824
1011.0455 1011.9086 1012.7717 1013.5610 1014.3188 1015.0767 1015.8347 1016.5925
1017.3504 1018.1083 1018.8661 1019.6240 1020.3819 1021.1398 1021.8976 1022.6556
1023.4135 1024.1713 1024.9292 1025.6870 1026.4449 1027.2029 1027.9607 1028.7186
1029.4764 1030.2344 1030.9922 1031.7501 1032.5079 1033.2659 1034.0238 1034.7816
1035.5396 1036.2997 1037.0652 1037.8308 1038.5963 1039.3618 1040.1273 1040.8928
1041.6584 1042.4240 1043.1895 1043.9550 1044.7205 1045.4861 1046.2516 1047.0171
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1053.9069 1054.6724 1055.4379 1056.2034 1056.9690 1057.7345 1058.5000 1059.2666
1060.0359 1060.8051 1061.5743 1062.3435 1063.1128 1063.8820 1064.6512 1065.4204
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1072.3434 1073.1125 1073.8818 1074.6510 1075.4203 1076.1895 1076.9587 1077.7279
1078.4972 1079.2664 1080.0355 1080.8048 1081.5740 1082.3433 1083.1056 1083.8123
1084.5188 1085.2255 1085.9320 1086.6387 1087.3452 1088.0519 1088.7584 1089.4651
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1138.3328 1139.0050 1139.6771 1140.3494 1141.0215 1141.6937 1142.3658 1143.0381
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1148.8269 1149.4557 1150.0845 1150.7133 1151.3419 1151.9707 1152.5995 1153.2281
1153.8569 1154.4857 1155.1144 1155.7432 1156.3719 1157.0006 1157.6294 1158.2582
1158.8868 1159.5156 1160.1444 1160.7731 1161.4019 1162.0306 1162.6593 1163.2881
1163.9169 1164.5455 1165.1731 1165.7952 1166.4172 1167.0393 1167.6613 1168.2833
1168.9054 1169.5275 1170.1494 1170.7715 1171.3936 1172.0156 1172.6377 1173.2596
1173.8817 1174.5038 1175.1259 1175.7478 1176.3699 1176.9919 1177.6140 1178.2360
1178.8580 1179.4801 1180.1022 1180.7242 1181.3462 1181.9683 1182.5903 1183.2124
1183.8344 1184.4564 1185.0775 1185.5869 1186.0963 1186.6056 1187.1150 1187.6244
1188.1338 1188.6431 1189.1525 1189.6619 1190.1713 1190.6805 1191.1899 1191.6993
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1222.7994 1223.4338 1224.0684 1224.7028 1225.3372 1225.9717 1226.6061 1227.2405
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1281.2535 1281.8802 1282.5070 1283.1337 1283.7604 1284.3871 1285.0138 1285.6405
1286.2672 1286.8939 1287.5206 1288.1473 1288.7740 1289.4008 1290.0275 1290.6542
1291.2809 1291.9076 1292.5343 1293.1610 1293.7877 1294.3929 1294.9818 1295.5707
1296.1595 1296.7484 1297.3373 1297.9261 1298.5150 1299.1039 1299.6927 1300.2816
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1305.5813 1306.1702 1306.7590 1307.3479 1307.9368 1308.5256 1309.1145 1309.7032
1310.2921 1310.8810 1311.4698 1312.0587 1312.6476 1313.2645 1313.9354 1314.6064
1315.2773 1315.9484 1316.6193 1317.2902 1317.9612 1318.6321 1319.3031 1319.9740
1320.6450 1321.3159 1321.9868 1322.6578 1323.3287 1323.9998 1324.6707 1325.3416
1326.0126 1326.6835 1327.3545 1328.0254 1328.6963 1329.3673 1330.0382 1330.7092
1331.3801 1332.0511 1332.7220 1333.3929 1334.0675 1334.7793 1335.4912 1336.2030
1336.9148 1337.6267 1338.3385 1339.0503 1339.7622 1340.4740 1341.1858 1341.8977
1342.6095 1343.3214 1344.0332 1344.7450 1345.4569 1346.1687 1346.8805 1347.5924
1348.3042 1349.0160 1349.7279 1350.4397 1351.1515 1351.8634 1352.5752 1353.2870
1353.9989 1354.7107 1355.4225 1356.1312 1356.8251 1357.5189 1358.2128 1358.9067
1359.6006 1360.2944 1360.9883 1361.6823 1362.3761 1363.0699 1363.7638 1364.4576
1365.1516 1365.8455 1366.5393 1367.2332 1367.9270 1368.6210 1369.3148 1370.0087
1370.7025 1371.3964 1372.0903 1372.7842 1373.4780 1374.1719 1374.8657 1375.5597
1376.2535 1376.9474 1377.6412 1378.3284 1379.0076 1379.6868 1380.3660 1381.0450
1381.7242 1382.4034 1383.0826 1383.7618 1384.4410 1385.1202 1385.7994 1386.4786
1387.1578 1387.8370 1388.5162 1389.1954 1389.8746 1390.5538 1391.2330 1391.9122
1392.5914 1393.2706 1393.9498 1394.6290 1395.3082 1395.9874 1396.6665 1397.3457
1398.0249 1398.7041 1399.3833 1400.0665 1400.8060 1401.5454 1402.2848 1403.0243
1403.7637 1404.5031 1405.2426 1405.9819 1406.7213 1407.4608 1408.2002 1408.9396
1409.6791 1410.4185 1411.1580 1411.8973 1412.6367 1413.3762 1414.1156 1414.8550
1415.5945 1416.3339 1417.0732 1417.8127 1418.5521 1419.2915 1420.0310 1420.7704
1421.5098 1422.2493 1422.9886 1423.7280 1424.4498 1425.1603 1425.8708 1426.5813
1427.2919 1428.0023 1428.7129 1429.4235 1430.1339 1430.8445 1431.5549 1432.2655
1432.9760 1433.6865 1434.3971 1435.1075 1435.8181 1436.5286 1437.2391 1437.9496
1438.6602 1439.3707 1440.0812 1440.7917 1441.5022 1442.2128 1442.9233 1443.6338
1444.3444 1445.0548 1445.7654 1446.4580 1447.1409 1447.8236 1448.5065 1449.1892
1449.8721 1450.5548 1451.2377 1451.9204 1452.6033 1453.2860 1453.9689 1454.6516
1455.3345 1456.0172 1456.7001 1457.3828 1458.0657 1458.7484 1459.4313 1460.1140
1460.7969 1461.4796 1462.1625 1462.8453 1463.5281 1464.2109 1464.8937 1465.5765
1466.2593 1466.9421 1467.6249 1468.3297 1469.0653 1469.8008 1470.5364 1471.2720
1472.0074 1472.7430 1473.4785 1474.2141 1474.9496 1475.6852 1476.4207 1477.1563
1477.8917 1478.6273 1479.3628 1480.0984 1480.8339 1481.5695 1482.3049 1483.0405
1483.7760 1484.5116 1485.2471 1485.9827 1486.7181 1487.4537 1488.1892 1488.9248
1489.6603 1490.3959 1491.1315 1491.8669 1492.6656 1493.4808 1494.2960 1495.1113
1495.9265 1496.7417 1497.5569 1498.3721 1499.1873 1500.0026 1500.8177 1501.6329
1502.4481 1503.2633 1504.0785 1504.8938 1505.7090 1506.5242 1507.3394 1508.1545
1508.9698 1509.7850 1510.6002 1511.4154 1512.2306 1513.0458 1513.8611 1514.6763
1515.4915 1516.3066 1517.1218 1517.9371 1518.7849 1519.6360 1520.4871 1521.3381
1522.1892 1523.0403 1523.8914 1524.7424 1525.5935 1526.4446 1527.2957 1528.1467
1528.9978 1529.8489 1530.7000 1531.5510 1532.4021 1533.2532 1534.1042 1534.9553
1535.8064 1536.6575 1537.5085 1538.3596 1539.2107 1540.0618 1540.9128 1541.7639
1542.6150 1543.4661 1544.3171 1545.1682 1546.0193 1546.8374 1547.6534 1548.4695
1549.2855 1550.1016 1550.9176 1551.7338 1552.5498 1553.3658 1554.1819 1554.9979
1555.8141 1556.6301 1557.4462 1558.2622 1559.0782 1559.8943 1560.7104 1561.5265
1562.3425 1563.1586 1563.9746 1564.7906 1565.6068 1566.4229 1567.2389 1568.0549
1568.8710 1569.6870 1570.5032 1571.3192 1572.1353 1572.9513 1573.7106 1574.4646
1575.2186 1575.9727 1576.7267 1577.4806 1578.2346 1578.9886 1579.7427 1580.4967
1581.2507 1582.0048 1582.7588 1583.5128 1584.2668 1585.0209 1585.7749 1586.5288
1587.2828 1588.0369 1588.7909 1589.5449 1590.2990 1591.0530 1591.8070 1592.5610
1593.3151 1594.0691 1594.8231 1595.5770 1596.3311 1597.0851 1597.8391 1598.6001
1599.3636 1600.1273 1600.8909 1601.6545 1602.4182 1603.1818 1603.9454 1604.7091
1605.4727 1606.2363 1606.9999 1607.7635 1608.5272 1609.2908 1610.0544 1610.8180
1611.5817 1612.3453 1613.1089 1613.8726 1614.6361 1615.3998 1616.1635 1616.9270
1617.6907 1618.4542 1619.2179 1619.9816 1620.7451 1621.5088 1622.2723 1623.0353
1623.7787 1624.5220 1625.2654 1626.0087 1626.7521 1627.4954 1628.2388 1628.9821
1629.7255 1630.4688 1631.2122 1631.9554 1632.6989 1633.4421 1634.1855 1634.9288
1635.6722 1636.4155 1637.1589 1637.9022 1638.6456 1639.3890 1640.1323 1640.8757
1641.6190 1642.3624 1643.1057 1643.8491 1644.5924 1645.3358 1646.0791 1646.8225
1647.6045 1648.3993 1649.1940 1649.9888 1650.7834 1651.5782 1652.3729 1653.1677
1653.9624 1654.7571 1655.5519 1656.3466 1657.1414 1657.9360 1658.7308 1659.5255
1660.3203 1661.1150 1661.9098 1662.7045 1663.4993 1664.2939 1665.0887 1665.8834
1666.6782 1667.4729 1668.2677 1669.0624 1669.8572 1670.6519 1671.4467 1672.2413
1673.0361 1673.8673 1674.7003 1675.5332 1676.3662 1677.1991 1678.0321 1678.8650
1679.6980 1680.5310 1681.3639 1682.1969 1683.0298 1683.8628 1684.6957 1685.5287
1686.3616 1687.1946 1688.0275 1688.8605 1689.6935 1690.5264 1691.3594 1692.1923
1693.0253 1693.8582 1694.6912 1695.5240 1696.3571 1697.1899 1698.0229 1698.8560
1699.6888 1700.5219 1701.3573 1702.1974 1703.0375 1703.8776 1704.7177 1705.5577
1706.3979 1707.2380 1708.0781 1708.9182 1709.7583 1710.5984 1711.4385 1712.2786
1713.1187 1713.9587 1714.7988 1715.6389 1716.4790 1717.3191 1718.1592 1718.9993
1719.8394 1720.6796 1721.5197 1722.3597 1723.1998 1724.0399 1724.8800 1725.7201
1726.5602 1727.4003 1728.2404 1729.0797 1729.9052 1730.7306 1731.5560 1732.3815
1733.2069 1734.0323 1734.8578 1735.6832 1736.5087 1737.3341 1738.1595 1738.9850
1739.8104 1740.6359 1741.4613 1742.2867 1743.1122 1743.9376 1744.7631 1745.5885
1746.4139 1747.2394 1748.0648 1748.8903 1749.7157 1750.5411 1751.3666 1752.1920
1753.0175 1753.8429 1754.6683 1755.4938 1756.3180 1757.1398 1757.9615 1758.7833
1759.6051 1760.4269 1761.2487 1762.0704 1762.8922 1763.7140 1764.5358 1765.3575
1766.1793 1767.0011 1767.8229 1768.6447 1769.4664 1770.2882 1771.1100 1771.9318
1772.7535 1773.5753 1774.3971 1775.2189 1776.0406 1776.8624 1777.6842 1778.5060
1779.3278 1780.1495 1780.9713 1781.7931 1782.6149 1783.4366 1784.2631 1785.1031
1785.9432 1786.7833 1787.6234 1788.4635 1789.3036 1790.1437 1790.9838 1791.8239
1792.6639 1793.5040 1794.3442 1795.1843 1796.0244 1796.8645 1797.7046 1798.5447
1799.3848 1800.2249 1801.0649 1801.9050 1802.7451 1803.5852 1804.4254 1805.2655
1806.1056 1806.9457 1807.7858 1808.6259 1809.4659 1810.3060 1811.1461 1811.9862
1812.8169 1813.6471 1814.4772 1815.3074 1816.1375 1816.9675 1817.7977 1818.6278
1819.4580 1820.2881 1821.1182 1821.9484 1822.7784 1823.6086 1824.4387 1825.2688
1826.0990 1826.9291 1827.7593 1828.5894 1829.4194 1830.2496 1831.0797 1831.9099
1832.7400 1833.5701 1834.4003 1835.2303 1836.0604 1836.8906 1837.7207 1838.5509
1839.3810 1840.2202 1841.0898 1841.9595 1842.8291 1843.6987 1844.5684 1845.4380
1846.3076 1847.1772 1848.0469 1848.9165 1849.7863 1850.6559 1851.5255 1852.3951
1853.2648 1854.1344 1855.0040 1855.8737 1856.7433 1857.6129 1858.4825 1859.3522
1860.2218 1861.0914 1861.9611 1862.8307 1863.7003 1864.5699 1865.4396 1866.3092
1867.1788 1868.0486 1868.9182 1869.8379 1870.7657 1871.6935 1872.6213 1873.5491
1874.4769 1875.4047 1876.3325 1877.2604 1878.1881 1879.1160 1880.0437 1880.9716
1881.8993 1882.8271 1883.7549 1884.6827 1885.6105 1886.5383 1887.4661 1888.3939
1889.3218 1890.2495 1891.1774 1892.1051 1893.0330 1893.9607 1894.8885 1895.8163
1896.7441 1897.6719 1898.5997 1899.5275 1900.4438 1901.3455 1902.2471 1903.1487
1904.0503 1904.9519 1905.8534 1906.7550 1907.6566 1908.5582 1909.4598 1910.3615
1911.2631 1912.1646 1913.0662 1913.9678 1914.8694 1915.7710 1916.6726 1917.5742
1918.4757 1919.3773 1920.2789 1921.1805 1922.0822 1922.9838 1923.8853 1924.7869
1925.6885 1926.5901 1927.4917 1928.3933 1929.2949 1930.1964 1931.0963 1931.9519
1932.8076 1933.6633 1934.5190 1935.3748 1936.2305 1937.0862 1937.9419 1938.7976
1939.6533 1940.5090 1941.3646 1942.2203 1943.0760 1943.9318 1944.7875 1945.6432
1946.4989 1947.3546 1948.2103 1949.0660 1949.9218 1950.7773 1951.6331 1952.4888
1953.3445 1954.2002 1955.0559 1955.9116 1956.7673 1957.6230 1958.4788 1959.3345
1960.1794 1960.9852 1961.7909 1962.5967 1963.4025 1964.2083 1965.0139 1965.8197
1966.6255 1967.4312 1968.2369 1969.0427 1969.8484 1970.6542 1971.4600 1972.2657
1973.0714 1973.8772 1974.6830 1975.4886 1976.2944 1977.1002 1977.9060 1978.7117
1979.5175 1980.3232 1981.1289 1981.9347 1982.7405 1983.5461 1984.3519 1985.1577
1985.9635 1986.7692 1987.5199 1988.2441 1988.9683 1989.6924 1990.4165 1991.1406
1991.8647 1992.5889 1993.3130 1994.0371 1994.7612 1995.4854 1996.2095 1996.9336
1997.6577 1998.3818 1999.1061 1999.8302 2000.5543 2001.2784 2002.0026 2002.7267
2003.4508 2004.1749 2004.8990 2005.6232 2006.3473 2007.0714 2007.7955 2008.5197
2009.2438 2009.9679 2010.6921 2011.4203 2012.1520 2012.8837 2013.6154 2014.3470
2015.0787 2015.8104 2016.5421 2017.2738 2018.0055 2018.7372 2019.4689 2020.2006
2020.9323 2021.6639 2022.3956 2023.1273 2023.8590 2024.5907 2025.3224 2026.0541
2026.7858 2027.5175 2028.2491 2028.9808 2029.7126 2030.4443 2031.1760 2031.9077
2032.6394 2033.3711 2034.1028 2034.8345 2035.5713 2036.3101 2037.0488 2037.7876
2038.5264 2039.2651 2040.0039 2040.7427 2041.4814 2042.2202 2042.9590 2043.6978
2044.4364 2045.1752 2045.9139 2046.6527 2047.3915 2048.1304 2048.8689 2049.6077
2050.3464 2051.0852 2051.8240 2052.5627 2053.3015 2054.0403 2054.7791 2055.5178
2056.2566 2056.9954 2057.7341 2058.4729 2059.2117 2059.9504 2060.7024 2061.4568
2062.2112 2062.9656 2063.7200 2064.4744 2065.2288 2065.9832 2066.7375 2067.4919
2068.2461 2069.0005 2069.7549 2070.5093 2071.2637 2072.0181 2072.7725 2073.5269
2074.2813 2075.0356 2075.7900 2076.5442 2077.2986 2078.0530 2078.8074 2079.5618
2080.3162 2081.0706 2081.8250 2082.5793 2083.3337 2084.0881 2084.8423 2085.5967
2086.3696 2087.1707 2087.9714 2088.7722 2089.5730 2090.3738 2091.1746 2091.9753
2092.7764 2093.5771 2094.3779 2095.1787 2095.9795 2096.7803 2097.5813 2098.3821
2099.1829 2099.9836 2100.7844 2101.5852 2102.3860 2103.1870 2103.9878 2104.7886
2105.5894 2106.3901 2107.1909 2107.9919 2108.7927 2109.5935 2110.3943 2111.1951
2111.9958 2112.7969 2113.5703 2114.3342 2115.0984 2115.8625 2116.6267 2117.3909
2118.1548 2118.9189 2119.6831 2120.4473 2121.2114 2121.9756 2122.7395 2123.5037
2124.2678 2125.0320 2125.7961 2126.5601 2127.3242 2128.0884 2128.8525 2129.6167
2130.3806 2131.1448 2131.9089 2132.6731 2133.4373 2134.2012 2134.9653 2135.7295
2136.4937 2137.2578 2138.0220 2138.7859 2139.5439 2140.2983 2141.0527 2141.8071
2142.5613 2143.3157 2144.0701 2144.8245 2145.5789 2146.3333 2147.0876 2147.8420
2148.5964 2149.3508 2150.1052 2150.8594 2151.6138 2152.3682 2153.1226 2153.8770
2154.6313 2155.3857 2156.1401 2156.8945 2157.6489 2158.4033 2159.1575 2159.9119
2160.6663 2161.4207 2162.1750 2162.9294 2163.6838 2164.4382 2165.2156 2166.0974
2166.9790 2167.8608 2168.7427 2169.6245 2170.5063 2171.3879 2172.2698 2173.1516
2174.0334 2174.9153 2175.7969 2176.6787 2177.5605 2178.4424 2179.3242 2180.2061
2181.0876 2181.9695 2182.8513 2183.7332 2184.6150 2185.4966 2186.3784 2187.2603
2188.1421 2189.0239 2189.9055 2190.7874 2191.6692 2192.5510 2193.4329 2194.3147
2195.1980 2196.0889 2196.9795 2197.8704 2198.7612 2199.6519 2200.5427 2201.4336
2202.3242 2203.2151 2204.1060 2204.9966 2205.8875 2206.7783 2207.6689 2208.5598
2209.4507 2210.3413 2211.2322 2212.1230 2213.0137 2213.9045 2214.7952 2215.6860
2216.5769 2217.4675 2218.3584 2219.2493 2220.1399 2221.0308 2221.9216 2222.8123
2223.7031 2224.5940 2225.4827 2226.3696 2227.2566 2228.1436 2229.0305 2229.9175
2230.8044 2231.6914 2232.5781 2233.4651 2234.3521 2235.2390 2236.1260 2237.0129
2237.8999 2238.7869 2239.6738 2240.5608 2241.4478 2242.3347 2243.2217 2244.1086
2244.9956 2245.8823 2246.7693 2247.6563 2248.5432 2249.4302 2250.3171 2251.2041
2252.0911 2252.9780 2253.8650 2254.7520 2255.6550 2256.5667 2257.4785 2258.3904
2259.3022 2260.2139 2261.1257 2262.0376 2262.9495 2263.8611 2264.7729 2265.6848
2266.5967 2267.5083 2268.4202 2269.3320 2270.2439 2271.1555 2272.0674 2272.9792
2273.8911 2274.8027 2275.7146 2276.6265 2277.5383 2278.4500 2279.3618 2280.2737
2281.1855 2282.0972 2283.0090 2283.9209 2284.8328 2285.7717 2286.7156 2287.6597
2288.6035 2289.5474 2290.4915 2291.4353 2292.3792 2293.3232 2294.2671 2295.2109
2296.1548 2297.0989 2298.0427 2298.9866 2299.9307 2300.8745 2301.8184 2302.7625
2303.7063 2304.6501 2305.5942 2306.5381 2307.4819 2308.4260 2309.3699 2310.3137
2311.2578 2312.2017 2313.1455 2314.0896 2315.0334 2315.9773 2316.9353 2317.8936
2318.8518 2319.8098 2320.7681 2321.7261 2322.6843 2323.6426 2324.6006 2325.5588
2326.5168 2327.4751 2328.4331 2329.3914 2330.3496 2331.3076 2332.2659 2333.2239
2334.1821 2335.1404 2336.0984 2337.0566 2338.0146 2338.9729 2339.9309 2340.8892
2341.8474 2342.8054 2343.7637 2344.7217 2345.6799 2346.6379 2347.5962 2348.5354
2349.4634 2350.3914 2351.3193 2352.2473 2353.1753 2354.1033 2355.0313 2355.9592
2356.8870 2357.8149 2358.7429 2359.6709 2360.5989 2361.5269 2362.4548 2363.3828
2364.3108 2365.2388 2366.1667 2367.0945 2368.0225 2368.9504 2369.8784 2370.8064
2371.7344 2372.6624 2373.5903 2374.5183 2375.4463 2376.3743 2377.3020 2378.2300
2379.1580 2380.1045 2381.1406 2382.1768 2383.2129 2384.2490 2385.2849 2386.3210
2387.3572 2388.3933 2389.4292 2390.4653 2391.5015 2392.5376 2393.5735 2394.6096
2395.6458 2396.6819 2397.7180 2398.7539 2399.7900 2400.8262 2401.8623 2402.8982
2403.9343 2404.9705 2406.0066 2407.0427 2408.0786 2409.1147 2410.1509 2411.1870
2412.2229 2413.2590 2414.2664 2415.2119 2416.1575 2417.1030 2418.0486 2418.9944
2419.9399 2420.8855 2421.8311 2422.7766 2423.7222 2424.6677 2425.6133 2426.5588
2427.5044 2428.4500 2429.3955 2430.3413 2431.2869 2432.2324 2433.1780 2434.1235
2435.0691 2436.0146 2436.9602 2437.9058 2438.8513 2439.7969 2440.7424 2441.6882
2442.6338 2443.5793 2444.5249 2445.4309 2446.3005 2447.1702 2448.0398 2448.9094
2449.7791 2450.6487 2451.5183 2452.3879 2453.2576 2454.1272 2454.9968 2455.8665
2456.7361 2457.6057 2458.4753 2459.3450 2460.2146 2461.0842 2461.9539 2462.8235
2463.6931 2464.5627 2465.4324 2466.3020 2467.1716 2468.0413 2468.9111 2469.7808
2470.6504 2471.5200 2472.3896 2473.2593 2474.1299 2475.0063 2475.8828 2476.7593
2477.6355 2478.5120 2479.3884 2480.2649 2481.1414 2482.0178 2482.8943 2483.7708
2484.6470 2485.5234 2486.3999 2487.2764 2488.1528 2489.0293 2489.9058 2490.7822
2491.6584 2492.5349 2493.4114 2494.2878 2495.1643 2496.0408 2496.9172 2497.7937
2498.6699 2499.5464 2500.4229 2501.2993 2502.1758 2503.0598 2503.9956 2504.9314
2505.8674 2506.8032 2507.7390 2508.6750 2509.6108 2510.5466 2511.4827 2512.4185
2513.3542 2514.2903 2515.2261 2516.1619 2517.0979 2518.0337 2518.9695 2519.9055
2520.8413 2521.7771 2522.7129 2523.6489 2524.5847 2525.5205 2526.4565 2527.3923
2528.3281 2529.2642 2530.2000 2531.1357 2532.0718 2533.0081 2533.9714 2534.9348
2535.8984 2536.8618 2537.8252 2538.7888 2539.7522 2540.7156 2541.6792 2542.6426
2543.6060 2544.5696 2545.5330 2546.4963 2547.4600 2548.4233 2549.3867 2550.3503
2551.3137 2552.2771 2553.2407 2554.2041 2555.1675 2556.1311 2557.0945 2558.0579
2559.0215 2559.9849 2560.9482 2561.9119 2562.8752 2563.8386 2564.7380 2565.6306
2566.5232 2567.4158 2568.3083 2569.2009 2570.0935 2570.9861 2571.8787 2572.7712
2573.6638 2574.5564 2575.4490 2576.3416 2577.2341 2578.1267 2579.0193 2579.9119
2580.8044 2581.6970 2582.5896 2583.4822 2584.3748 2585.2673 2586.1599 2587.0525
2587.9451 2588.8376 2589.7300 2590.6226 2591.5151 2592.4077 2593.2927 2594.1658
2595.0388 2595.9119 2596.7849 2597.6580 2598.5310 2599.4041 2600.2771 2601.1499
2602.0229 2602.8960 2603.7690 2604.6421 2605.5151 2606.3882 2607.2612 2608.1343
2609.0073 2609.8804 2610.7534 2611.6265 2612.4995 2613.3726 2614.2456 2615.1187
2615.9917 2616.8647 2617.7375 2618.6106 2619.4836 2620.3567 2621.2534 2622.1958
2623.1384 2624.0811 2625.0237 2625.9663 2626.9087 2627.8513 2628.7939 2629.7366
2630.6792 2631.6218 2632.5642 2633.5068 2634.4495 2635.3921 2636.3347 2637.2773
2638.2197 2639.1624 2640.1050 2641.0476 2641.9902 2642.9329 2643.8752 2644.8179
2645.7605 2646.7031 2647.6458 2648.5881 2649.5308 2650.4734 2651.4314 2652.4080
2653.3845 2654.3611 2655.3376 2656.3142 2657.2908 2658.2673 2659.2439 2660.2205
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3125.1282 3126.0254 3126.9224 3127.8193 3128.7163 3129.6135 3130.5105
variable length header record 6 of 20:
reserved 0
user ID 'PulseWaves_Spec'
record ID 300002
length after header 5484
description 'PulseWaves 0.3 r11 (150617) by rapidlasso'
PULSEtable 2
number_tables: 1
description: 'PulseWaves DLL 0.3 r11 (150617) by rapidlasso'
PULSElookupTable 0
number_entries: 1331
unit_of_measurement: 1
data_type: 8 ('float')
description: 'amplitude conversion table for high channel'
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3294.6929 3295.6619 3296.6311 3297.6001 3298.5693 3299.5383 3300.5076 3301.4766
3302.4458 3303.4148 3304.3840 3305.3530 3306.3223 3307.2913 3308.2605 3309.2295
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3369.1650 3370.8315 3372.4983 3374.1650 3375.8318 3377.4983 3379.1650 3380.8318
3382.3865 3383.6882 3384.9900 3386.2917 3387.5938 3388.8955 3390.1973 3391.4990
3392.8008 3394.1025 3395.4043 3396.7061 3398.0078 3399.3096 3400.6113 3401.9133
3403.2151 3404.5168 3405.8186 3407.1204 3408.4221 3409.7239 3411.0256 3412.3274
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variable length header record 7 of 20:
reserved 0
user ID 'PulseWaves_Spec'
record ID 200001
length after header 196
description 'PulseWaves 0.3 r11 (150617) by rapidlasso'
PULSEdescriptor 1
optical_center_to_anchor_point: 0x0 ('coincide')
number_of_extra_waves_bytes: 0
number_of_samplings: 1
sample_units: 1.00503 [nanoseconds]
scanner_index: 1
compression: 0
description: '1 x RP, 0 x LP, 0 x HP'
sampling[0]
type: 1 ('outgoing')
channel: 3
bits_for_duration_from_anchor: 32
scale_for_duration_from_anchor: 0.00165992
offset_for_duration_from_anchor: 0
bits_for_number_of_segments: 0
bits_for_number_of_samples: 16
number_of_segments: 1
number_of_samples: 0
bits_per_sample: 8
lookup_table_index: 1
sample_units: 1.0 [nanoseconds]
compression: 0
description: '1 reference segment(s)'
variable length header record 8 of 20:
reserved 0
user ID 'PulseWaves_Spec'
record ID 200002
length after header 300
description 'PulseWaves 0.3 r11 (150617) by rapidlasso'
PULSEdescriptor 2
optical_center_to_anchor_point: 0x0 ('coincide')
number_of_extra_waves_bytes: 0
number_of_samplings: 2
sample_units: 1.00503 [nanoseconds]
scanner_index: 1
compression: 0
description: '1 x RP, 1 x LP, 0 x HP'
sampling[0]
type: 1 ('outgoing')
channel: 3
bits_for_duration_from_anchor: 32
scale_for_duration_from_anchor: 0.00165992
offset_for_duration_from_anchor: 0
bits_for_number_of_segments: 0
bits_for_number_of_samples: 16
number_of_segments: 1
number_of_samples: 0
bits_per_sample: 8
lookup_table_index: 1
sample_units: 1.0 [nanoseconds]
compression: 0
description: '1 reference segment(s)'
sampling[1]
type: 2 ('returning')
channel: 1
bits_for_duration_from_anchor: 32
scale_for_duration_from_anchor: 0.00165992
offset_for_duration_from_anchor: 0
bits_for_number_of_segments: 0
bits_for_number_of_samples: 16
number_of_segments: 1
number_of_samples: 0
bits_per_sample: 8
lookup_table_index: 1
sample_units: 1.0 [nanoseconds]
compression: 0
description: '1 lowpower segment(s)'
variable length header record 9 of 20:
reserved 0
user ID 'PulseWaves_Spec'
record ID 200003
length after header 404
description 'PulseWaves 0.3 r11 (150617) by rapidlasso'
PULSEdescriptor 3
optical_center_to_anchor_point: 0x0 ('coincide')
number_of_extra_waves_bytes: 0
number_of_samplings: 3
sample_units: 1.00503 [nanoseconds]
scanner_index: 1
compression: 0
description: '1 x RP, 1 x LP, 1 x HP'
sampling[0]
type: 1 ('outgoing')
channel: 3
bits_for_duration_from_anchor: 32
scale_for_duration_from_anchor: 0.00165992
offset_for_duration_from_anchor: 0
bits_for_number_of_segments: 0
bits_for_number_of_samples: 16
number_of_segments: 1
number_of_samples: 0
bits_per_sample: 8
lookup_table_index: 1
sample_units: 1.0 [nanoseconds]
compression: 0
description: '1 reference segment(s)'
sampling[1]
type: 2 ('returning')
channel: 1
bits_for_duration_from_anchor: 32
scale_for_duration_from_anchor: 0.00165992
offset_for_duration_from_anchor: 0
bits_for_number_of_segments: 0
bits_for_number_of_samples: 16
number_of_segments: 1
number_of_samples: 0
bits_per_sample: 8
lookup_table_index: 1
sample_units: 1.0 [nanoseconds]
compression: 0
description: '1 lowpower segment(s)'
sampling[2]
type: 2 ('returning')
channel: 0
bits_for_duration_from_anchor: 32
scale_for_duration_from_anchor: 0.00165992
offset_for_duration_from_anchor: 0
bits_for_number_of_segments: 0
bits_for_number_of_samples: 16
number_of_segments: 1
number_of_samples: 0
bits_per_sample: 8
lookup_table_index: 2
sample_units: 1.0 [nanoseconds]
compression: 0
description: '1 highpower segment(s)'
variable length header record 10 of 20:
reserved 0
user ID 'PulseWaves_Spec'
record ID 200004
length after header 300
description 'PulseWaves 0.3 r11 (150617) by rapidlasso'
PULSEdescriptor 4
optical_center_to_anchor_point: 0x0 ('coincide')
number_of_extra_waves_bytes: 0
number_of_samplings: 2
sample_units: 1.00503 [nanoseconds]
scanner_index: 1
compression: 0
description: '1 x RP, 2 x LP, 0 x HP'
sampling[0]
type: 1 ('outgoing')
channel: 3
bits_for_duration_from_anchor: 32
scale_for_duration_from_anchor: 0.00165992
offset_for_duration_from_anchor: 0
bits_for_number_of_segments: 0
bits_for_number_of_samples: 16
number_of_segments: 1
number_of_samples: 0
bits_per_sample: 8
lookup_table_index: 1
sample_units: 1.0 [nanoseconds]
compression: 0
description: '1 reference segment(s)'
sampling[1]
type: 2 ('returning')
channel: 1
bits_for_duration_from_anchor: 32
scale_for_duration_from_anchor: 0.00165992
offset_for_duration_from_anchor: 0
bits_for_number_of_segments: 0
bits_for_number_of_samples: 16
number_of_segments: 2
number_of_samples: 0
bits_per_sample: 8
lookup_table_index: 1
sample_units: 1.0 [nanoseconds]
compression: 0
description: '2 lowpower segment(s)'
variable length header record 11 of 20:
reserved 0
user ID 'PulseWaves_Spec'
record ID 200005
length after header 404
description 'PulseWaves 0.3 r11 (150617) by rapidlasso'
PULSEdescriptor 5
optical_center_to_anchor_point: 0x0 ('coincide')
number_of_extra_waves_bytes: 0
number_of_samplings: 3
sample_units: 1.00503 [nanoseconds]
scanner_index: 1
compression: 0
description: '1 x RP, 2 x LP, 1 x HP'
sampling[0]
type: 1 ('outgoing')
channel: 3
bits_for_duration_from_anchor: 32
scale_for_duration_from_anchor: 0.00165992
offset_for_duration_from_anchor: 0
bits_for_number_of_segments: 0
bits_for_number_of_samples: 16
number_of_segments: 1
number_of_samples: 0
bits_per_sample: 8
lookup_table_index: 1
sample_units: 1.0 [nanoseconds]
compression: 0
description: '1 reference segment(s)'
sampling[1]
type: 2 ('returning')
channel: 1
bits_for_duration_from_anchor: 32
scale_for_duration_from_anchor: 0.00165992
offset_for_duration_from_anchor: 0
bits_for_number_of_segments: 0
bits_for_number_of_samples: 16
number_of_segments: 2
number_of_samples: 0
bits_per_sample: 8
lookup_table_index: 1
sample_units: 1.0 [nanoseconds]
compression: 0
description: '2 lowpower segment(s)'
sampling[2]
type: 2 ('returning')
channel: 0
bits_for_duration_from_anchor: 32
scale_for_duration_from_anchor: 0.00165992
offset_for_duration_from_anchor: 0
bits_for_number_of_segments: 0
bits_for_number_of_samples: 16
number_of_segments: 1
number_of_samples: 0
bits_per_sample: 8
lookup_table_index: 2
sample_units: 1.0 [nanoseconds]
compression: 0
description: '1 highpower segment(s)'
variable length header record 12 of 20:
reserved 0
user ID 'PulseWaves_Spec'
record ID 200006
length after header 404
description 'PulseWaves 0.3 r11 (150617) by rapidlasso'
PULSEdescriptor 6
optical_center_to_anchor_point: 0x0 ('coincide')
number_of_extra_waves_bytes: 0
number_of_samplings: 3
sample_units: 1.00503 [nanoseconds]
scanner_index: 1
compression: 0
description: '1 x RP, 2 x LP, 2 x HP'
sampling[0]
type: 1 ('outgoing')
channel: 3
bits_for_duration_from_anchor: 32
scale_for_duration_from_anchor: 0.00165992
offset_for_duration_from_anchor: 0
bits_for_number_of_segments: 0
bits_for_number_of_samples: 16
number_of_segments: 1
number_of_samples: 0
bits_per_sample: 8
lookup_table_index: 1
sample_units: 1.0 [nanoseconds]
compression: 0
description: '1 reference segment(s)'
sampling[1]
type: 2 ('returning')
channel: 1
bits_for_duration_from_anchor: 32
scale_for_duration_from_anchor: 0.00165992
offset_for_duration_from_anchor: 0
bits_for_number_of_segments: 0
bits_for_number_of_samples: 16
number_of_segments: 2
number_of_samples: 0
bits_per_sample: 8
lookup_table_index: 1
sample_units: 1.0 [nanoseconds]
compression: 0
description: '2 lowpower segment(s)'
sampling[2]
type: 2 ('returning')
channel: 0
bits_for_duration_from_anchor: 32
scale_for_duration_from_anchor: 0.00165992
offset_for_duration_from_anchor: 0
bits_for_number_of_segments: 0
bits_for_number_of_samples: 16
number_of_segments: 2
number_of_samples: 0
bits_per_sample: 8
lookup_table_index: 2
sample_units: 1.0 [nanoseconds]
compression: 0
description: '2 highpower segment(s)'
variable length header record 13 of 20:
reserved 0
user ID 'PulseWaves_Spec'
record ID 200007
length after header 300
description 'PulseWaves 0.3 r11 (150617) by rapidlasso'
PULSEdescriptor 7
optical_center_to_anchor_point: 0x0 ('coincide')
number_of_extra_waves_bytes: 0
number_of_samplings: 2
sample_units: 1.00503 [nanoseconds]
scanner_index: 1
compression: 0
description: '1 x RP, 3 x LP, 0 x HP'
sampling[0]
type: 1 ('outgoing')
channel: 3
bits_for_duration_from_anchor: 32
scale_for_duration_from_anchor: 0.00165992
offset_for_duration_from_anchor: 0
bits_for_number_of_segments: 0
bits_for_number_of_samples: 16
number_of_segments: 1
number_of_samples: 0
bits_per_sample: 8
lookup_table_index: 1
sample_units: 1.0 [nanoseconds]
compression: 0
description: '1 reference segment(s)'
sampling[1]
type: 2 ('returning')
channel: 1
bits_for_duration_from_anchor: 32
scale_for_duration_from_anchor: 0.00165992
offset_for_duration_from_anchor: 0
bits_for_number_of_segments: 0
bits_for_number_of_samples: 16
number_of_segments: 3
number_of_samples: 0
bits_per_sample: 8
lookup_table_index: 1
sample_units: 1.0 [nanoseconds]
compression: 0
description: '3 lowpower segment(s)'
variable length header record 14 of 20:
reserved 0
user ID 'PulseWaves_Spec'
record ID 200008
length after header 404
description 'PulseWaves 0.3 r11 (150617) by rapidlasso'
PULSEdescriptor 8
optical_center_to_anchor_point: 0x0 ('coincide')
number_of_extra_waves_bytes: 0
number_of_samplings: 3
sample_units: 1.00503 [nanoseconds]
scanner_index: 1
compression: 0
description: '1 x RP, 3 x LP, 1 x HP'
sampling[0]
type: 1 ('outgoing')
channel: 3
bits_for_duration_from_anchor: 32
scale_for_duration_from_anchor: 0.00165992
offset_for_duration_from_anchor: 0
bits_for_number_of_segments: 0
bits_for_number_of_samples: 16
number_of_segments: 1
number_of_samples: 0
bits_per_sample: 8
lookup_table_index: 1
sample_units: 1.0 [nanoseconds]
compression: 0
description: '1 reference segment(s)'
sampling[1]
type: 2 ('returning')
channel: 1
bits_for_duration_from_anchor: 32
scale_for_duration_from_anchor: 0.00165992
offset_for_duration_from_anchor: 0
bits_for_number_of_segments: 0
bits_for_number_of_samples: 16
number_of_segments: 3
number_of_samples: 0
bits_per_sample: 8
lookup_table_index: 1
sample_units: 1.0 [nanoseconds]
compression: 0
description: '3 lowpower segment(s)'
sampling[2]
type: 2 ('returning')
channel: 0
bits_for_duration_from_anchor: 32
scale_for_duration_from_anchor: 0.00165992
offset_for_duration_from_anchor: 0
bits_for_number_of_segments: 0
bits_for_number_of_samples: 16
number_of_segments: 1
number_of_samples: 0
bits_per_sample: 8
lookup_table_index: 2
sample_units: 1.0 [nanoseconds]
compression: 0
description: '1 highpower segment(s)'
variable length header record 15 of 20:
reserved 0
user ID 'PulseWaves_Spec'
record ID 200009
length after header 404
description 'PulseWaves 0.3 r11 (150617) by rapidlasso'
PULSEdescriptor 9
optical_center_to_anchor_point: 0x0 ('coincide')
number_of_extra_waves_bytes: 0
number_of_samplings: 3
sample_units: 1.00503 [nanoseconds]
scanner_index: 1
compression: 0
description: '1 x RP, 3 x LP, 2 x HP'
sampling[0]
type: 1 ('outgoing')
channel: 3
bits_for_duration_from_anchor: 32
scale_for_duration_from_anchor: 0.00165992
offset_for_duration_from_anchor: 0
bits_for_number_of_segments: 0
bits_for_number_of_samples: 16
number_of_segments: 1
number_of_samples: 0
bits_per_sample: 8
lookup_table_index: 1
sample_units: 1.0 [nanoseconds]
compression: 0
description: '1 reference segment(s)'
sampling[1]
type: 2 ('returning')
channel: 1
bits_for_duration_from_anchor: 32
scale_for_duration_from_anchor: 0.00165992
offset_for_duration_from_anchor: 0
bits_for_number_of_segments: 0
bits_for_number_of_samples: 16
number_of_segments: 3
number_of_samples: 0
bits_per_sample: 8
lookup_table_index: 1
sample_units: 1.0 [nanoseconds]
compression: 0
description: '3 lowpower segment(s)'
sampling[2]
type: 2 ('returning')
channel: 0
bits_for_duration_from_anchor: 32
scale_for_duration_from_anchor: 0.00165992
offset_for_duration_from_anchor: 0
bits_for_number_of_segments: 0
bits_for_number_of_samples: 16
number_of_segments: 2
number_of_samples: 0
bits_per_sample: 8
lookup_table_index: 2
sample_units: 1.0 [nanoseconds]
compression: 0
description: '2 highpower segment(s)'
variable length header record 16 of 20:
reserved 0
user ID 'PulseWaves_Spec'
record ID 200010
length after header 404
description 'PulseWaves 0.3 r11 (150617) by rapidlasso'
PULSEdescriptor 10
optical_center_to_anchor_point: 0x0 ('coincide')
number_of_extra_waves_bytes: 0
number_of_samplings: 3
sample_units: 1.00503 [nanoseconds]
scanner_index: 1
compression: 0
description: '1 x RP, 3 x LP, 3 x HP'
sampling[0]
type: 1 ('outgoing')
channel: 3
bits_for_duration_from_anchor: 32
scale_for_duration_from_anchor: 0.00165992
offset_for_duration_from_anchor: 0
bits_for_number_of_segments: 0
bits_for_number_of_samples: 16
number_of_segments: 1
number_of_samples: 0
bits_per_sample: 8
lookup_table_index: 1
sample_units: 1.0 [nanoseconds]
compression: 0
description: '1 reference segment(s)'
sampling[1]
type: 2 ('returning')
channel: 1
bits_for_duration_from_anchor: 32
scale_for_duration_from_anchor: 0.00165992
offset_for_duration_from_anchor: 0
bits_for_number_of_segments: 0
bits_for_number_of_samples: 16
number_of_segments: 3
number_of_samples: 0
bits_per_sample: 8
lookup_table_index: 1
sample_units: 1.0 [nanoseconds]
compression: 0
description: '3 lowpower segment(s)'
sampling[2]
type: 2 ('returning')
channel: 0
bits_for_duration_from_anchor: 32
scale_for_duration_from_anchor: 0.00165992
offset_for_duration_from_anchor: 0
bits_for_number_of_segments: 0
bits_for_number_of_samples: 16
number_of_segments: 3
number_of_samples: 0
bits_per_sample: 8
lookup_table_index: 2
sample_units: 1.0 [nanoseconds]
compression: 0
description: '3 highpower segment(s)'
variable length header record 17 of 20:
reserved 0
user ID 'PulseWaves_Spec'
record ID 200011
length after header 404
description 'PulseWaves 0.3 r11 (150617) by rapidlasso'
PULSEdescriptor 11
optical_center_to_anchor_point: 0x0 ('coincide')
number_of_extra_waves_bytes: 0
number_of_samplings: 3
sample_units: 1.00503 [nanoseconds]
scanner_index: 1
compression: 0
description: 'out+return(s), vary'
sampling[0]
type: 1 ('outgoing')
channel: 3
bits_for_duration_from_anchor: 32
scale_for_duration_from_anchor: 0.00165992
offset_for_duration_from_anchor: 0
bits_for_number_of_segments: 8
bits_for_number_of_samples: 16
number_of_segments: 0
number_of_samples: 0
bits_per_sample: 8
lookup_table_index: 1
sample_units: 1.0 [nanoseconds]
compression: 0
description: 'outgoing, reference, vary'
sampling[1]
type: 2 ('returning')
channel: 1
bits_for_duration_from_anchor: 32
scale_for_duration_from_anchor: 0.00165992
offset_for_duration_from_anchor: 0
bits_for_number_of_segments: 8
bits_for_number_of_samples: 16
number_of_segments: 0
number_of_samples: 0
bits_per_sample: 8
lookup_table_index: 1
sample_units: 1.0 [nanoseconds]
compression: 0
description: 'returning, lowpower, vary'
sampling[2]
type: 2 ('returning')
channel: 0
bits_for_duration_from_anchor: 32
scale_for_duration_from_anchor: 0.00165992
offset_for_duration_from_anchor: 0
bits_for_number_of_segments: 8
bits_for_number_of_samples: 16
number_of_segments: 0
number_of_samples: 0
bits_per_sample: 8
lookup_table_index: 2
sample_units: 1.0 [nanoseconds]
compression: 0
description: 'returning, highpower, vary'
variable length header record 18 of 20:
reserved 0
user ID 'PulseWaves_Spec'
record ID 200012
length after header 300
description 'PulseWaves 0.3 r11 (150617) by rapidlasso'
PULSEdescriptor 12
optical_center_to_anchor_point: 0x0 ('coincide')
number_of_extra_waves_bytes: 0
number_of_samplings: 2
sample_units: 1.00503 [nanoseconds]
scanner_index: 1
compression: 0
description: 'out+return(s), lowpower only'
sampling[0]
type: 1 ('outgoing')
channel: 3
bits_for_duration_from_anchor: 32
scale_for_duration_from_anchor: 0.00165992
offset_for_duration_from_anchor: 0
bits_for_number_of_segments: 8
bits_for_number_of_samples: 16
number_of_segments: 0
number_of_samples: 0
bits_per_sample: 8
lookup_table_index: 1
sample_units: 1.0 [nanoseconds]
compression: 0
description: 'outgoing, reference, vary'
sampling[1]
type: 2 ('returning')
channel: 1
bits_for_duration_from_anchor: 32
scale_for_duration_from_anchor: 0.00165992
offset_for_duration_from_anchor: 0
bits_for_number_of_segments: 8
bits_for_number_of_samples: 16
number_of_segments: 0
number_of_samples: 0
bits_per_sample: 8
lookup_table_index: 1
sample_units: 1.0 [nanoseconds]
compression: 0
description: 'returning, lowpower, vary'
variable length header record 19 of 20:
reserved 0
user ID 'PulseWaves_Spec'
record ID 200013
length after header 196
description 'PulseWaves 0.3 r11 (150617) by rapidlasso'
PULSEdescriptor 13
optical_center_to_anchor_point: 0x0 ('coincide')
number_of_extra_waves_bytes: 0
number_of_samplings: 1
sample_units: 1.00503 [nanoseconds]
scanner_index: 1
compression: 0
description: 'returns(s), vary'
sampling[0]
type: 1 ('outgoing')
channel: 3
bits_for_duration_from_anchor: 32
scale_for_duration_from_anchor: 0.00165992
offset_for_duration_from_anchor: 0
bits_for_number_of_segments: 8
bits_for_number_of_samples: 16
number_of_segments: 0
number_of_samples: 0
bits_per_sample: 8
lookup_table_index: 1
sample_units: 1.0 [nanoseconds]
compression: 0
description: 'outgoing, reference, vary'
variable length header record 20 of 20:
reserved 0
user ID 'PulseWaves_Spec'
record ID 200014
length after header 300
description 'PulseWaves 0.3 r11 (150617) by rapidlasso'
PULSEdescriptor 14
optical_center_to_anchor_point: 0x0 ('coincide')
number_of_extra_waves_bytes: 0
number_of_samplings: 2
sample_units: 1.00503 [nanoseconds]
scanner_index: 1
compression: 0
description: 'out+return(s), lowpower only'
sampling[0]
type: 1 ('outgoing')
channel: 3
bits_for_duration_from_anchor: 32
scale_for_duration_from_anchor: 0.00165992
offset_for_duration_from_anchor: 0
bits_for_number_of_segments: 8
bits_for_number_of_samples: 16
number_of_segments: 0
number_of_samples: 0
bits_per_sample: 8
lookup_table_index: 1
sample_units: 1.0 [nanoseconds]
compression: 0
description: 'outgoing, reference, vary'
sampling[1]
type: 2 ('returning')
channel: 1
bits_for_duration_from_anchor: 32
scale_for_duration_from_anchor: 0.00165992
offset_for_duration_from_anchor: 0
bits_for_number_of_segments: 8
bits_for_number_of_samples: 16
number_of_segments: 0
number_of_samples: 0
bits_per_sample: 8
lookup_table_index: 1
sample_units: 1.0 [nanoseconds]
compression: 0
description: 'returning, lowpower, vary'
reporting minimum and maximum for all PULSE record entries ...
T 46001202200 46001202308
offset 60 1123
anchor_X 5955076 5955096
anchor_Y 1008073 1008078
anchor_Z 143389 143392
target_X 5965281 5969141
target_Y 996513 1026935
target_Z -458939 -458589
first_returning_sample 2151 2330
last_returning_sample 2182 2372
descriptor_index 13 13
reserved 0 0
edge_of_scan_line 0 0
scan_direction 0 0
mirror_facet 2 2
intensity 0 0
classification 0 0
min x y z 690884.25928984268 6466245.7079013493 28.692478690147425
max x y z 690887.05703879497 6466263.1421143431 61.945071790218378
e:\LAStools\bin>..\..\projects\pulsetools\bin\pulse2pulse.exe -i fwf_test\pw\ku3.pls -o ku.txt
e:\LAStools\bin>more ku.txt
file_signature: PulseWavesPulse
global_parameters: 0
file_source_ID: 0
project ID GUID: 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
system_identifier: 'RiPROCESS 1.8.5'
generating_software: 'PulseWaves DLL 0.3 r11 (150617) by rapidlasso'
file_creation_day_year: 38 2018
version: 0.3
header_size: 352
offset_to_pulse_data: 25735
number_of_pulses: 22
pulse_format: 0
pulse_attributes: 0
pulse_size: 48
pulse_compression: 0
reserved: 0
number_of_vlrs: 20
number_of_avlrs: 0
t_scale_factor: 1e-006
t_offset: 1e+009
min_T max_T 46001202200 46001202308
xyz_scale_factors: 0.00025 0.00025 0.00025
xyz_offsets: 689390 6.466e+006 350
min_x min_y min_z: 690884 6.46625e+006 28.6923
max_x max_y max_z: 690887 6.46626e+006 61.9452
P
46001202200
929
5955076 1008078 143389
5965281 996513 -458854
2152 2183
13
0 0 2 0
0 0
W
m
s 32 2152.25
173 172 168 166 166 165 164 164 165 171 185 204 222 223 207 192 180 174 170 167 166 165 163 161 158 161 163 163 166 162 159 157
P
46001202204
1177
5955077 1008078 143389
5965425 997639 -458872
2156 2187
13
0 0 2 0
0 0
W
m
s 32 2156.19
159 159 161 159 158 154 156 163 172 185 200 210 213 204 192 180 169 165 162 156 150 149 152 157 163 164 165 160 158 158 161 164
P
46001202205
1426
5955077 1008078 143389
5965462 997932 -458876
2158 2357
13
0 0 2 0
0 0
W
m
s 32 2158.1
156 160 161 157 152 151 152 156 160 167 181 194 207 208 201 187 181 178 176 174 173 169 164 158 157 160 159 156 157 160 161 158
s 80 2278.1
159 155 153 153 167 184 192 188 180 186 244 131 39 133 124 36 177 74 253 210 187 178 172 171 168 166 165 165 160 156 152 151 152 154 161 162 165 172 220 87 254
109 112 25 164 66 252 209 183 170 165 163 161 162 161 159 156 159 162 160 156 154 154 165 188 218 241 238 222 199 183 171 166 163 162 157 155 156 155 156
P
46001202206
2003
5955077 1008078 143389
5965499 998221 -458880
2329 2360
13
0 0 2 0
0 0
W
m
s 32 2328.86
161 160 162 164 163 159 156 153 154 156 154 169 234 97 227 53 50 229 124 32 224 189 170 164 161 164 169 166 161 158 154 152
P
46001202210
2248
5955078 1008078 143390
5965645 999368 -458895
2325 2372
13
0 0 2 0
0 0
W
m
s 48 2324.55
168 164 157 153 154 156 155 151 149 148 151 162 183 225 15 42 38 15 242 209 182 163 155 153 156 163 170 168 164 156 153 153 158 167 193 239 24 38 26 247 215 19
1 182 181 188 195 201 194
P
46001202211
2554
5955078 1008078 143390
5965679 999632 -458898
2304 2343
13
0 0 2 0
0 0
W
m
s 40 2303.79
153 149 147 145 145 148 151 153 152 154 161 178 194 207 208 198 185 177 171 171 177 189 196 196 202 234 57 169 13 51 14 188 96 20 222 193 175 161 153 153
P
46001202212
2829
5955078 1008077 143390
5965714 999913 -458901
2305 2344
13
0 0 2 0
0 0
W
m
s 40 2304.72
148 149 151 152 154 152 154 156 165 199 250 38 46 22 241 208 184 168 168 173 184 195 214 21 147 31 112 96 8 152 54 239 200 177 165 159 160 159 156 151
P
46001202221
3101
5955080 1008077 143390
5966039 1002464 -458925
2295 2334
13
0 0 2 0
0 0
W
m
s 40 2294.77
171 169 165 161 158 152 151 160 192 245 57 107 114 87 49 25 24 31 33 22 9 246 228 211 192 176 165 161 154 151 150 151 152 152 154 155 157 158 159 159
P
46001202222
3373
5955080 1008077 143390
5966075 1002752 -458926
2277 2308
13
0 0 2 0
0 0
W
m
s 32 2276.64
155 156 156 153 153 156 161 164 194 45 225 154 254 254 188 95 255 171 95 32 238 207 186 173 166 164 162 162 160 163 164 160
P
46001202231
3619
5955082 1008077 143390
5966392 1005242 -458937
2153 2184
13
0 0 2 0
0 0
W
m
s 32 2153.01
157 160 161 160 153 149 149 149 149 148 152 158 174 189 202 210 202 186 171 164 164 161 157 151 150 153 153 157 157 161 161 154
P
46001202235
3869
5955083 1008076 143390
5966535 1006368 -458939
2151 2182
13
0 0 2 0
0 0
W
m
s 32 2150.83
163 161 163 158 156 155 154 153 156 162 167 174 188 205 209 200 188 181 177 179 176 173 169 167 167 164 162 164 163 164 160 154
P
46001202236
4119
5955083 1008076 143390
5966572 1006657 -458939
2153 2184
13
0 0 2 0
0 0
W
m
s 32 2152.98
159 161 163 162 164 167 174 175 180 188 203 222 230 216 193 177 174 172 172 170 164 158 157 157 157 157 160 164 167 169 174 176
P
46001202237
4369
5955083 1008076 143390
5966609 1006946 -458939
2155 2186
13
0 0 2 0
0 0
W
m
s 32 2154.62
169 165 163 159 160 160 161 159 159 161 176 200 221 230 228 213 199 183 172 164 155 153 156 156 153 155 155 155 158 159 160 161
P
46001202238
4619
5955083 1008076 143390
5966646 1007239 -458938
2153 2184
13
0 0 2 0
0 0
W
m
s 32 2152.55
161 163 166 166 162 161 160 161 161 161 164 168 172 188 207 217 216 204 192 182 171 167 169 166 164 159 162 162 165 169 170 174
P
46001202242
4869
5955084 1008076 143391
5966788 1008361 -458936
2310 2365
13
0 0 2 0
0 0
W
m
s 56 2310.36
164 165 161 154 149 150 153 152 167 226 96 230 42 29 207 105 18 217 195 201 220 233 231 215 193 178 171 166 158 155 156 158 155 151 151 157 158 157 157 157 160
167 197 38 195 74 119 61 203 90 9 223 201 187 179 171
P
46001202243
5205
5955084 1008076 143391
5966823 1008634 -458935
2310 2365
13
0 0 2 0
0 0
W
m
s 56 2310.42
161 159 156 156 158 160 160 162 163 177 201 227 240 233 216 194 176 167 169 175 184 193 204 211 208 201 192 182 177 171 164 160 163 163 156 153 153 155 159 159
161 163 176 213 13 67 88 68 21 233 200 173 163 156 158 156
P
46001202248
5546
5955085 1008076 143391
5967005 1010066 -458928
2302 2341
13
0 0 2 0
0 0
W
m
s 40 2302.1
162 159 157 160 158 160 161 167 178 193 211 7 109 253 115 141 70 216 128 101 121 138 118 71 14 223 193 176 170 167 163 158 160 160 158 154 155 156 156 159
P
46001202266
5822
5955088 1008075 143391
5967642 1015093 -458877
2152 2335
13
0 0 2 0
0 0
W
m
s 32 2152.07
152 151 151 153 153 155 160 162 165 172 186 204 212 211 195 178 163 155 156 156 152 151 152 152 153 153 151 147 144 147 152 155
s 56 2280.07
161 162 162 156 155 160 183 223 6 28 61 154 73 16 154 171 68 153 237 102 18 225 203 192 184 174 167 167 165 165 166 167 163 157 150 150 156 159 165 188 215 236
237 226 206 186 172 166 162 164 161 159 156 152 156 157
P
46001202271
6304
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5967826 1016545 -458855
2330 2361
13
0 0 2 0
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m
s 32 2329.56
151 147 146 147 150 153 154 154 158 174 236 141 133 109 220 176 19 76 158 43 234 203 182 171 167 160 156 157 159 160 155 151
P
46001202293
6551
5955093 1008074 143392
5968604 1022690 -458719
2303 2334
13
0 0 2 0
0 0
W
m
s 32 2303.14
145 146 147 149 146 147 146 145 143 153 203 76 17 203 31 251 125 222 89 253 202 178 166 158 149 147 142 142 145 146 151 155
P
46001202294
6797
5955093 1008073 143392
5968640 1022975 -458712
2304 2335
13
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W
m
s 32 2304.13
153 152 150 148 143 141 143 150 155 204 91 40 198 236 158 19 139 32 223 186 167 159 154 151 151 149 150 148 148 146 148 147
P
46001202308
7043
5955096 1008073 143392
5969141 1026935 -458589
2328 2359
13
0 0 2 0
0 0
W
m
s 32 2327.52
144 146 146 145 149 150 152 152 152 159 174 191 201 201 192 179 172 162 156 150 147 148 145 147 149 152 149 146 147 146 147 147
On Wed, Mar 21, 2018 at 12:05 PM, Andres Kuusk <and...@to.ee> wrote:
Hi!The integer location value in the las2txt has too few digits. Five digits is not sufficient, it must be 6 digits.The WF in the attached figures has a segment of 184 samples and is attached both to the discrete returns 3 and 4,having location values 2774 and 19969, respectively.The first digit '1' is missing, the location values must be 102774 and 119969, then the waveform and discrete returns agree to each other.Similar problems has the Pulsewave output.Their sample valus are of 8 bits. The values must be 2 bytes as in the las2txt output, otherway the sample values are modulo 256.The start and stop values of waveform recording (in sampling units) of the sample waveform segment must be 100 ns less,1882 and 2065 instead of 1982 and 2165, and the start time at which the first sample was recorded (in sampling units)must be 1881.77 instead of 1981.77.The las2txt output of the sample waveform:#las2txt -parse txyzirnWV -adjusted_to_week -header pound
# file signature: 'LASF'
# version major.minor: 1.4
# generating_software: 'PolyClipData v1.63 (FUSION v3.70'
# header size 375
# offset to point data 4220
# number var. length records 29
# point data format 9
# point data record length 65
# scale factor x y z 0.00025 0.00025 0.00025
# offset x y z 690723.234500000020489 6466105.601999999955297 0
# min x y z 690815.08750 6466197.70775 31.85950
# max x y z 690931.10175 6466313.73400 66.13500
# extended number of point records 853110
# extended number of points by return 443474 272922 109527 27186 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
#t x y z i r n W1(WPindex) W2(WPoffset) W3(#bytes) W4(location) dx dy dz #bits #samples
478398.95291 690837.15 6466238.45 57.55 29818 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 no_waveform
478398.95291 690836.03 6466237.94 48.32 13172 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 no_waveform
478398.95291 690835.52 6466237.71 44.18 20075 3 4 19 194252316 368 2774 1.81452e-05 8.26777e-06 0.000148524 16 184 151 ..
478398.95291 690835.21 6466237.57 41.62 8213 4 4 19 194252316 368 19969 1.81452e-05 8.26777e-06 0.000148524 16 184 151 ..The Pulswave output of the sample waveform#file_signature: PulseWavesPulse
#system_identifier: 'RiPROCESS 1.8.5'
#generating_software: 'PulseWaves DLL 0.3 r11 (150617) by rapidlasso'
#version: 0.3
#header_size: 352
#offset_to_pulse_data: 25643
#number_of_pulses: 5
#pulse_format: 0
#pulse_size: 48
#number_of_vlrs: 20
#t_scale_factor: 1e-006
#t_offset: 1e+009
#min_T max_T 46398952907 46398952912
#xyz_scale_factors: 0.00025 0.00025 0.00025
#xyz_offsets: 691229 6.46431e+006 333
#min_x min_y min_z: 690832 6.46624e+006 17.3335
#max_x max_y max_z: 690836 6.46624e+006 44.7632
#P
#46398952910
#2144
#-1429091 7792837 30022
#-1502037 7759600 -567062
#1982 2165
#13
#0 0 3 0
#0 0
#W
#m
#s 184 1981.77
151 149 147 ...We do not know is the missing digit in the las2txt location '1' or '0'.The sample long segment cannot strech below ground surface, obviously the missing digit in the las2txt location has value '1'.In case of short segments we do not know, is the location correct or 100000 ps are missing.I am sorry, I do not know is this the problem of the processing software or the raw data recorded by ALS are erroneous.ThanksAndres Kuusk--
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Martin Isenburg
Apr 4, 2018, 5:05:18 PM4/4/18
to LAStools - efficient command line tools for LIDAR processing, PulseWaves - no pulse left behind
Hello Andres,
The waveforms are attached to the first and the fourth (hence the last) return of four returns and both use the same direction vector V = (-2.58334e-006, 2.52363e-006, 0.000149813) that points to the aircraft.
here part 2 of my answer (albeit without the WDP file containing the actual samples). First I look at the returns that actually have a wveform associated which are 23 different returns. They all see to be from the same laser. Remember, the VQ-1560i "cross-fire" has two lasers that independently scan the terrain and the scanner channel field (the first one listed below) should store which of the two lasers fired the pulse that the return is from.
I can see only two sets of returns that are from the same laser pulse that both have a waveform attached and I've marked them in orange below. They have the scanner channel and the GPS time stamp (hence they are from the same pulse) and it is reassuring to see that also their wavepacket direction vectors are identical and point in the same direction. However, they are *not* referencing the same digitized waveform but each one of them references a different (sized) digitized waveform segment in the WDP file. Let's take a closer look at them:
0 181652401.202205 690884.42900 6466246.49075 57.64875 1 4 1 210883836 64 21147 -2.58334e-006 2.52363e-006 0.000149813
0 181652401.202205 690884.83450 6466246.09550 34.14250 4 4 6 210883900 160 57447 -2.58334e-006 2.52363e-006 0.000149813
The waveforms are attached to the first and the fourth (hence the last) return of four returns and both use the same direction vector V = (-2.58334e-006, 2.52363e-006, 0.000149813) that points to the aircraft.
The first return uses wave packet descriptor
1
and as the lasinfo report tells us this has 32 samples of 16 bits spaced
1005 picoseconds apart with the return itself being situated
exactly 21147
picoseconds after the start of the waveform sampling. Hence to go back from the first return R = (r_x, r_y, r_z) = (
690884.42900, 6466246.49075, 57.64875) to the 3D location S =
(s_x, s_y, s_z)
where the sampling had started we calculate using the same technique as described here [1]:
S = R + 21147 * V
or
s_x = 690884.42900 + 21147 * -2.58334e-006 = 690884.37437010902
s_y = 6466246.49075 + 21147 * 2.52363e-006
= 6466246.54411720361
s_z = 57.64875 + 21147 *
0.000149813
= 60.816845511
Hence the digitizer started recording the waveform about 3 meters above the first return. Given that it stopped recording after 32 samples and given that therefore we have 31 spacings of 1005 picoseconds between the samples we can compute the 3D location E = (e_x, e_y, e_z) where the sampling has ended as:
E = S - 31*1005*V = S - 31155*V
e_x = 690884.37437010902
- 31155 *
-2.58334e-006
= 690884.45485406672
e_y = 6466246.54411720361 - 31155 *
2.52363e-006 =
6466246.54411720361
e_z = 60.816845511 - 31155 *
0.000149813 =
56.149421496
The digitization ends about 1.5 below the first of four returns and far far far above the next return that gets digitized which is located about 32 meter below the end of the waveform that was digitized *around* the first return.
Because these are two separate waveform digitization segments (in [1] it's just one segment) and because there is no overlap between the two segments we cannot check if we can get from one return to the other by traversing the waveform and whether our math is correct.
For completeness let's repeat the exercise for the last / fourth return as well. The last return uses wave packet descriptor 6
and as the lasinfo report tells us this has
80 samples of 16 bits spaced 1005 picoseconds apart with the return itself being situated exactly 57447 picoseconds after the start of the waveform sampling. Hence to go back from the last return R = (r_x, r_y, r_z) = (
690884.83450 6466246.09550 34.14250) to the 3D location S = (s_x, s_y, s_z) where the sampling had started we calculate using the same technique as described here [1]:
S = R + 57447 * V
or
s_x =
690884.83450 + 57447 * -2.58334e-006 = 690884.68609486702
s_y =
6466246.09550 + 57447 * 2.52363e-006 = 6466246.24047497261
s_z =
34.14250 + 57447 * 0.000149813 = 42.748807411
Hence the digitizer started recording the waveform around the last return about 14 meters below where the recording of waveform around the first return had ended.. Given that it stopped recording after 80 samples and given that therefore we have 79 spacings of 1005 picoseconds between the samples we can compute the 3D location E = (e_x, e_y, e_z) where the sampling has ended as:
E = S - 79*1005*V = S - 79395*V
But I'm now too lazy to do that. Also the other pair (in orange) has separate waveform digitizations whose segments are separated by many meters. Do you have an example where two returns from the same shot are spaced close enough so that they are on the *same* digitized waveform?
Evon ... do you think I did get the math right following [1] and does this correspond to the LAS specification? I was a little bit unsure at first where to integrate the 1005 picosecond sample spacing. And we also need another example showing a multi segment case for the wiki [1].
Regards,
Martin @rapidlasso
e:\LAStools\bin>las2txt -i fwf_test\las\ku3.las -drop_wavepacket 0 -parse ltxyzrnW -stdout
[...]
ERROR: cannot open waveform file 'fwf_test\las\ku3.las'
0 181652401.202204 690884.39150 6466246.34900 58.71375 1 2 1 210883772 64 15969 -2.5741e-006 2.59652e-006 0.000149812
0 181652401.202205 690884.42900 6466246.49075 57.64875 1 4 1 210883836 64 21147 -2.58334e-006 2.52363e-006 0.000149813
0 181652401.202205 690884.83450 6466246.09550 34.14250 4 4 6 210883900 160 57447 -2.58334e-006 2.52363e-006 0.000149813
0 181652401.202206 690884.85550 6466246.26425 34.16850 3 3 1 210884060 64 6237 -2.59245e-006 2.45182e-006 0.000149815
0 181652401.202210 690884.94000 6466246.93375 34.15675 3 3 4 210884124 96 10595 -2.62859e-006 2.16647e-006 0.000149818
0 181652401.202211 690884.95750 6466247.08875 34.17250 3 3 5 210884220 80 31337 -2.63691e-006 2.10072e-006 0.000149819
0 181652401.202212 690884.97875 6466247.25175 34.17175 3 3 5 210884300 80 30390 -2.64575e-006 2.03086e-006 0.00014982
0 181652401.202221 690885.09125 6466248.78225 38.45575 3 3 5 210884380 80 11711 -2.72605e-006 1.39635e-006 0.000149826
0 181652401.202222 690885.09400 6466248.95725 39.36525 3 4 1 210884460 64 23857 -2.73513e-006 1.32451e-006 0.000149826
0 181652401.202231 690884.90800 6466250.48125 58.99900 1 1 1 210884524 64 17027 -2.81343e-006 7.05195e-007 0.000149829
0 181652401.202235 690884.95150 6466251.09700 60.68450 1 1 1 210884588 64 7955 -2.84886e-006 4.24906e-007 0.000149829
0 181652401.202236 690885.01625 6466251.24750 58.41575 1 1 1 210884652 64 20944 -2.85795e-006 3.52994e-007 0.000149829
0 181652401.202237 690885.01425 6466251.40600 59.56700 1 1 1 210884716 64 11609 -2.86702e-006 2.81153e-007 0.000149829
0 181652401.202238 690885.03100 6466251.56650 59.67100 1 1 1 210884780 64 12992 -2.87623e-006 2.08319e-007 0.000149829
0 181652401.202242 690885.59900 6466252.18575 34.35850 3 3 2 210884844 112 23343 -2.91153e-006 -7.09807e-008 0.000149829
0 181652401.202243 690885.62050 6466252.34500 34.33550 4 4 2 210884956 112 23441 -2.9201e-006 -1.38789e-007 0.000149828
0 181652401.202248 690885.72575 6466253.18125 34.40450 2 2 5 210885068 80 31372 -2.96509e-006 -4.95027e-007 0.000149827
0 181652401.202266 690885.62350 6466255.84925 57.18625 1 3 1 210885148 64 30284 -3.12288e-006 -1.74582e-006 0.000149814
0 181652401.202266 690886.09700 6466256.11475 34.41625 3 3 2 210885212 112 53628 -3.12288e-006 -1.74582e-006 0.000149814
0 181652401.202271 690886.20600 6466256.96125 34.43725 2 2 1 210885324 64 3834 -3.16844e-006 -2.10706e-006 0.000149809
0 181652401.202293 690886.65900 6466260.55100 34.37025 2 2 1 210885388 64 31367 -3.36099e-006 -3.63593e-006 0.000149775
0 181652401.202294 690886.68050 6466260.71800 34.32375 2 2 1 210885452 64 30706 -3.36991e-006 -3.70676e-006 0.000149773
0 181652401.202308 690886.98250 6466263.04000 34.09150 1 1 1 210885516 64 9231 -3.49382e-006 -4.69206e-006 0.000149743
-----------------
e:\LAStools\bin>lasinfo -i fwf_test\las\ku3.las
lasinfo (180403) report for fwf_test\las\ku3.las
WARNING: number of samples for wave packet descr 19 is zero
WARNING: temporal spacing for wave packet descr 19 is zero
WARNING: number of samples for wave packet descr 20 is zero
WARNING: temporal spacing for wave packet descr 20 is zero
WARNING: number of samples for wave packet descr 21 is zero
WARNING: temporal spacing for wave packet descr 21 is zero
reporting all LAS header entries:
file signature: 'LASF'
file source ID: 0
global_encoding: 21
project ID GUID data 1-4: 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
version major.minor: 1.4
system identifier: 'LAStools (c) by rapidlasso GmbH'
generating software: 'las2las (version 180209)'
file creation day/year: 38/2018
header size: 375
offset to point data: 3980
number var. length records: 26
point data format: 9
point data record length: 65
number of point records: 0
number of points by return: 0 0 0 0 0
scale factor x y z: 0.00025 0.00025 0.00025
offset x y z: 689390 6466007 187
min x y z: 690884.31975 6466245.79725 34.08825
max x y z: 690886.98250 6466263.13175 61.20650
start of waveform data packet record: 0
start of first extended variable length record: 0
number of extended_variable length records: 0
extended number of point records: 202
extended number of points by return: 112 60 23 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
variable length header record 1 of 26:
reserved 43707
user ID 'LASF_Projection'
record ID 34735
length after header 216
description 'GeoKeyDirectoryTag (mandatory)'
GeoKeyDirectoryTag version 1.1.0 number of keys 26
key 1024 tiff_tag_location 0 count 1 value_offset 1 - GTModelTypeGeoKey: ModelTypeProjected
key 1025 tiff_tag_location 0 count 1 value_offset 2 - GTRasterTypeGeoKey: RasterPixelIsPoint
key 1026 tiff_tag_location 34737 count 8 value_offset 0 - GTCitationGeoKey: L-EST97
key 2048 tiff_tag_location 0 count 1 value_offset 32767 - GeographicTypeGeoKey: user-defined
key 2049 tiff_tag_location 34737 count 7 value_offset 16 - GeogCitationGeoKey: ETRS89
key 2050 tiff_tag_location 0 count 1 value_offset 32767 - GeogGeodeticDatumGeoKey: user-defined
key 2051 tiff_tag_location 0 count 1 value_offset 32767 - GeogPrimeMeridianGeoKey: user-defined
key 2052 tiff_tag_location 0 count 1 value_offset 9001 - GeogLinearUnitsGeoKey: Linear_Meter
key 2054 tiff_tag_location 0 count 1 value_offset 9102 - GeogAngularUnitsGeoKey: Angular_Degree
key 2056 tiff_tag_location 0 count 1 value_offset 32767 - GeogEllipsoidGeoKey: user-defined
key 2057 tiff_tag_location 34736 count 1 value_offset 0 - GeogSemiMajorAxisGeoKey: 6378137
key 2059 tiff_tag_location 34736 count 1 value_offset 1 - GeogInvFlatteningGeoKey: 298.2572221
key 2060 tiff_tag_location 0 count 1 value_offset 9102 - GeogAzimuthUnitsGeoKey: Angular_Degree
key 2061 tiff_tag_location 34736 count 1 value_offset 2 - GeogPrimeMeridianLongGeoKey: 0
key 3072 tiff_tag_location 0 count 1 value_offset 32767 - ProjectedCSTypeGeoKey: user-defined
key 3073 tiff_tag_location 34737 count 8 value_offset 8 - PCSCitationGeoKey: L-EST97
key 3074 tiff_tag_location 0 count 1 value_offset 32767 - ProjectionGeoKey: user-defined
key 3075 tiff_tag_location 0 count 1 value_offset 8 - ProjCoordTransGeoKey: CT_LambertConfConic_2SP
key 3076 tiff_tag_location 0 count 1 value_offset 9001 - ProjLinearUnitsGeoKey: Linear_Meter
key 3078 tiff_tag_location 34736 count 1 value_offset 3 - ProjStdParallel1GeoKey: 59.33333333
key 3079 tiff_tag_location 34736 count 1 value_offset 4 - ProjStdParallel2GeoKey: 58
key 3084 tiff_tag_location 34736 count 1 value_offset 6 - ProjFalseOriginLongGeoKey: 24
key 3085 tiff_tag_location 34736 count 1 value_offset 5 - ProjFalseOriginLatGeoKey: 57.51755393
key 3086 tiff_tag_location 34736 count 1 value_offset 7 - ProjFalseOriginEastingGeoKey: 500000
key 3087 tiff_tag_location 34736 count 1 value_offset 8 - ProjFalseOriginNorthingGeoKey: 6375000
key 4099 tiff_tag_location 0 count 1 value_offset 9001 - VerticalUnitsGeoKey: Linear_Meter
variable length header record 2 of 26:
reserved 43707
user ID 'LASF_Spec'
record ID 100
length after header 26
description 'WPD#1'
index 1 bits/sample 16 compression 0 samples 32 temporal 1005 gain 1, offset 0
variable length header record 3 of 26:
reserved 43707
user ID 'LASF_Spec'
record ID 101
length after header 26
description 'WPD#2'
index 2 bits/sample 16 compression 0 samples 56 temporal 1005 gain 1, offset 0
variable length header record 4 of 26:
reserved 43707
user ID 'LASF_Spec'
record ID 102
length after header 26
description 'WPD#3'
index 3 bits/sample 16 compression 0 samples 64 temporal 1005 gain 1, offset 0
variable length header record 5 of 26:
reserved 43707
user ID 'LASF_Spec'
record ID 103
length after header 26
description 'WPD#4'
index 4 bits/sample 16 compression 0 samples 48 temporal 1005 gain 1, offset 0
variable length header record 6 of 26:
reserved 43707
user ID 'LASF_Spec'
record ID 104
length after header 26
description 'WPD#5'
index 5 bits/sample 16 compression 0 samples 40 temporal 1005 gain 1, offset 0
variable length header record 7 of 26:
reserved 43707
user ID 'LASF_Spec'
record ID 105
length after header 26
description 'WPD#6'
index 6 bits/sample 16 compression 0 samples 80 temporal 1005 gain 1, offset 0
variable length header record 8 of 26:
reserved 43707
user ID 'LASF_Spec'
record ID 106
length after header 26
description 'WPD#7'
index 7 bits/sample 16 compression 0 samples 72 temporal 1005 gain 1, offset 0
variable length header record 9 of 26:
reserved 43707
user ID 'LASF_Spec'
record ID 107
length after header 26
description 'WPD#8'
index 8 bits/sample 16 compression 0 samples 88 temporal 1005 gain 1, offset 0
variable length header record 10 of 26:
reserved 43707
user ID 'LASF_Spec'
record ID 108
length after header 26
description 'WPD#9'
index 9 bits/sample 16 compression 0 samples 96 temporal 1005 gain 1, offset 0
variable length header record 11 of 26:
reserved 43707
user ID 'LASF_Spec'
record ID 109
length after header 26
description 'WPD#10'
index 10 bits/sample 16 compression 0 samples 104 temporal 1005 gain 1, offset 0
variable length header record 12 of 26:
reserved 43707
user ID 'LASF_Spec'
record ID 110
length after header 26
description 'WPD#11'
index 11 bits/sample 16 compression 0 samples 112 temporal 1005 gain 1, offset 0
variable length header record 13 of 26:
reserved 43707
user ID 'LASF_Spec'
record ID 111
length after header 26
description 'WPD#12'
index 12 bits/sample 16 compression 0 samples 144 temporal 1005 gain 1, offset 0
variable length header record 14 of 26:
reserved 43707
user ID 'LASF_Spec'
record ID 112
length after header 26
description 'WPD#13'
index 13 bits/sample 16 compression 0 samples 128 temporal 1005 gain 1, offset 0
variable length header record 15 of 26:
reserved 43707
user ID 'LASF_Spec'
record ID 113
length after header 26
description 'WPD#14'
index 14 bits/sample 16 compression 0 samples 120 temporal 1005 gain 1, offset 0
variable length header record 16 of 26:
reserved 43707
user ID 'LASF_Spec'
record ID 114
length after header 26
description 'WPD#15'
index 15 bits/sample 16 compression 0 samples 160 temporal 1005 gain 1, offset 0
variable length header record 17 of 26:
reserved 43707
user ID 'LASF_Spec'
record ID 115
length after header 26
description 'WPD#16'
index 16 bits/sample 16 compression 0 samples 136 temporal 1005 gain 1, offset 0
variable length header record 18 of 26:
reserved 43707
user ID 'LASF_Spec'
record ID 116
length after header 26
description 'WPD#17'
index 17 bits/sample 16 compression 0 samples 152 temporal 1005 gain 1, offset 0
variable length header record 19 of 26:
reserved 43707
user ID 'LASF_Spec'
record ID 117
length after header 26
description 'WPD#18'
index 18 bits/sample 16 compression 0 samples 168 temporal 1005 gain 1, offset 0
variable length header record 20 of 26:
reserved 43707
user ID 'LASF_Spec'
record ID 118
length after header 26
description 'WPD#19'
index 19 bits/sample 16 compression 0 samples 0 temporal 0 gain 1, offset 0
variable length header record 21 of 26:
reserved 43707
user ID 'LASF_Spec'
record ID 119
length after header 26
description 'WPD#20'
index 20 bits/sample 16 compression 0 samples 0 temporal 0 gain 1, offset 0
variable length header record 22 of 26:
reserved 43707
user ID 'LASF_Spec'
record ID 120
length after header 26
description 'WPD#21'
index 21 bits/sample 16 compression 0 samples 0 temporal 0 gain 1, offset 0
variable length header record 23 of 26:
reserved 43707
user ID 'LASF_Projection'
record ID 34736
length after header 72
description 'GeoDoubleParamsTag (optional)'
GeoDoubleParamsTag (number of doubles 9)
6.37814e+006 298.257 0 59.3333 58 57.5176 24 500000 6.375e+006
variable length header record 24 of 26:
reserved 43707
user ID 'LASF_Projection'
record ID 34737
length after header 23
description 'GeoASCIIParamsTag (optional)'
GeoAsciiParamsTag (number of characters 23)
L-EST97|L-EST97|ETRS89|
variable length header record 25 of 26:
reserved 43707
user ID 'LASF_Projection'
record ID 2112
length after header 768
description 'OGC COORDINATE SYSTEM WKT'
WKT OGC COORDINATE SYSTEM:
PROJCS["L-EST97",GEOGCS["L-EST97",DATUM["ETRS89",SPHEROID["GRS80",6378137.000,298.257222100,AUTHORITY["EPSG","0"]],AUTHORITY["EPSG","0"]],PRIMEM["Greenwich"
,0.0000000000000000,AUTHORITY["EPSG","8901"]],UNIT["Degree",0.01745329251994329547,AUTHORITY["EPSG","9102"]],AUTHORITY["EPSG","3301"]],UNIT["Meter",1.0000000000
0000000000,AUTHORITY["EPSG","9001"]],PROJECTION["Lambert_Conformal_Conic_2SP"],PARAMETER["standard_parallel_1",59.3333333333333357],PARAMETER["standard_parallel
_2",58.0000000000000071],PARAMETER["latitude_of_origin",57.5175539305555574],PARAMETER["central_meridian",24.0000000000000000],PARAMETER["false_easting",500000.
000],PARAMETER["false_northing",6375000.000],AXIS["Easting",EAST],AXIS["Northing",NORTH],AXIS["Height",UP],AUTHORITY["EPSG","3301"]]
variable length header record 26 of 26:
reserved 43707
user ID 'LASF_Spec'
record ID 4
length after header 576
description 'RIEGL Extra Bytes'
Extra Byte Descriptions
data type: 3 (unsigned short), name "Amplitude", description: "Echo signal amplitude [dB]", min: 0, max: 10000, scale: 0.01, offset: 0 (not set)
data type: 4 (short), name "Reflectance", description: "Echo signal reflectance [dB]", min: -5000, max: 15000, scale: 0.01, offset: 0 (not set)
data type: 3 (unsigned short), name "Deviation", description: "Pulse shape deviation", min: 0, max: 32767, scale: 1 (not set), offset: 0 (not set)
reporting minimum and maximum for all LAS point record entries ...
X 5977279 5987930
Y 955189 1024527
Z -611647 -503174
intensity 11250 42357
return_number 1 4
number_of_returns 1 4
edge_of_flight_line 0 0
scan_direction_flag 0 0
classification 2 4
scan_angle_rank -128 127
user_data 0 0
point_source_ID 0 0
gps_time 181652401.202201 181652401.202312
Wavepacket Index 0 6
Offset 0 210885516
Size 0 160
Location 0 57447
Xt -3.49382e-006 0
Yt -4.69206e-006 2.59652e-006
Zt 0 0.000149829
extended_return_number 1 4
extended_number_of_returns 1 4
extended_classification 2 4
extended_scan_angle -32559 32352
extended_scanner_channel 0 0
number of first returns: 112
number of intermediate returns: 30
number of last returns: 111
number of single returns: 51
overview over extended number of returns of given pulse: 51 75 48 28 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
histogram of classification of points:
30 ground (2)
172 medium vegetation (4)
Martin Isenburg
Apr 5, 2018, 11:52:57 PM4/5/18
to LAStools - efficient command line tools for LIDAR processing, PulseWaves - no pulse left behind
Hello,
I can confirm (after finally downloading the WDP file via a slow internet connection in Costa Rica) that the LAS FWF file is not specification conform. The lasview with <W>aveforms enables draws very different alignments (aka: literally none) between waveforms peaks (in reddish) and returns than what I am used to. I assume the (rewritten?) exporter for both LAS FWF and PulseWaves in RiPROCESS is broken for the VQ1560i sensor that seems to use a different code path (16 bit waveform samples) than the previous exporters for the Q680 and Q780 that were both correct. Attached a few images.
Evon, it is quite common to break the digitized waveform into multiple segments as the long periods of receiving nothing (after hitting a wire and then 20 meter nothing) are often not stored to disk for saving bandwidth. I assume I/O limitations is also why not every waveform was recorded to file in this example (remember, the
VQ1560i does digitize every returning waveform but does online-waveform processing to directly output discrete returns and only stores the occasional waveform for the VQ series of sensors.
I think the ball is with the RIEGL engineers now to tell us if the exporter is indeed broken or if I made a mistake somewhere.\
Regards,
Martin
On Fri, Apr 6, 2018 at 3:22 AM, Evon Silvia <esi...@quantumspatial.com> wrote:
Martin,Without digging too deep into the math, your interpretation looks correct to me. Interesting that two returns from the same pulse don't share the same waveform... it almost seems to me to defeat the purpose of having the waveform data.I don't recall seeing the raw waveform packets, so I can't comment on the misalignment in the plots.Evon
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