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The Irish Poor Law of 1838 introduced a relief system for poor, sick and the destitute. Before the Great Famine (1845-1852), workhouses generally remained three-quarters empty despite the fact there were an estimated 2.4 million Irish living in a state of poverty.
Ireland was divided into 130 Poor Law Unions, with a workhouse established in each. Families were separated and given a cold bath to de-louse them. Men, women and children were confined to their own dormitories. During the day, they followed a strict regime and were expected to perform manual labour.
Prior to the famine, Strabane was a bustling market town of over 5000 people, connected to the Foyle by a canal and by the mid-1800s to neighbouring towns by rail like Derry, Newtownstewart, Omagh & Enniskillen.
The Strabane Union Workhouse was originally planned to be built at Magirr in the Bridge Street area of the town, on land owned by James Hamilton (b.1811 d.1885), Marquis of Abercorn. This site was rejected as unsuitable so the workhouse was planned to be built on a 5-acre site to the North of Strabane, on the east side of the Derry Road.
The Commissioners selected Wilkinson because he had already erected workhouses in Wales, which they believed were similar to the environment in Ireland, and also because his building costs were considerably less than the buildings in England (at least in theory).
The Strabane construction was carried out by Messers Patterson & Catcheside at a cost of 6,885, plus 1,355 for fittings etc, totaling 8,240. It was delcared fit for the reception of paupers on 18 November 1841 and admitted its first inmates the same day.
The nomination of Guardians for this Union took place on Thursday, 25 April 1839, before the Returning Officer, the Hon. Mr. Clements being also in attendance, besides several Magistrates of the town and neighbourhood, and others throughout the Union. The following rate payers were put in nomination as Guardians for the year ending 25 March 1840.
The initial workhouse diet was a breakfast of stirabout (a weak oatmeal porridge) and milk with a dinner of potatoes and milk. When the potato blight struck, this diet was substituted by white bread and Indian meal.
Strabane death records suggest that Typhus fever (a group of diseases caused by bacteria that are spread to humans by fleas, lice, and chiggers) patients were brought to Strabane workhouse to facilitate isolation and receive any possible treatment. The population of the town dropped from 7,000 pre Famine (1845), to 4,000 in 1889 a period of 44 years.
During the Great Famine in 1845, a 70 bed fever hospital was erected at the south-east of the workhouse, on the hill behind, which in 1922 became the Strabane District Hospital and later became Strabane Hospital. Also a house was hired to accommodate 36 inmates.
An inquest was held in Strabane, on the same day on the bodies of two sisters, named Mary Jane and Anna HARKIN, one 12 years old and the other six. Their father had brought them from Castlefin to Strabane, when he was forced from destitution to leave them and go to the harvest in Scotland. They were taken into Strabane workhouse, where they remained until the return of their father, who took them out, finding them in a sickly and declining state of health. They were exposed to cold by being carried about, and, strange to say, both died on the 12th instant, at the same hour. Verdict - died from exposure to cold, being ins a ?diseased? state when leaving the workhouse.
In Feburary 1922 there was a failed attempt by the IRA to burn down the Strabane Workhouse. The intention, as was with the burning of many Workhouses further south, was to prevent the buildings from being used by the British military.
Much excitement was created in Strabane and district when it was learned early on Thursday morning that an attempt had been made to burn the Strabane workhouse, either late on Wednesday night or on Thursday morning.
The entire building, which, they suspected the military would occupy, was saturated with petrol and the place was strewn with empty tins. Those using the petrol would appear to have been inexperienced, as the heads of the tins were knocked off instead of the screw being used. Four empty tins were found afterwards. The petrol was carefully placed in all quarters especially about the stairs. The police were alarmed by the nurse, and on arrival they were unable to light even a match so great were the petrol fumes. Luckily, those who perperated the outrage forgot that in ever corner of the building were fire extinguishers, and it was the expert use of these by the police that saved the premises.
On thursday evening the military arrived and took over the building, They were a detachment of the Dorsets, and this is their first arrival in Strabane, They were fully equipped, including machine guns. Immediately before their arrival the patients in the District Hospital were removed in ambulances to Castlederg and Londonderry.
In the 1930s, part of the dinning hall block was used as for Mass by Catholics from the north side of Strabane. During the Second World War the workhouse was also used by service personnel as a Navy, Army, and Air Force Institutes (NAAFI) and for staff billets.
The Poor Law Commission was replaced by the Poor Law Board in 1847, with the intention of improving accountability to Parliament. Workhouses and Boards of Guardians were abolished in 1930 by the Local Government Act 1929, and their powers and responsibilities were passed to local and national government bodies.
In this helpless and enfeebled state, the Glasgow authorities provided a free ticket for their passage to Derry, as the nearest Irish port, and giving them two shillings and sixpence, the husband, wife and four children, were conveyed by the steamer to that city, where they arrived on Thursday, the 25th of November. On arriving in Derry, they applied at the workhouse for relief which they were told could not be granted without a line from a relieving officer, for whom they proceeded to make enquiry, but not being immediately successful, and being exhausted with cold and fatigue, they took a lodging and procured some food with the money which had been given them. They proceeded to Strabane on the following morning, hoping to get relief in the workhouse in that town, but being half starved and enfeebled from their relentless illness, they were merely able to crawl along, endeavouring to support nature on raw turnips and cabbages, which formed their sole food for the three or four days during which they were on the road.
They did not arrive at the Workhouse until Thursday evening, and applying at the gate, they were spoken to by a boy who told them, as at Derry, that they must get a line from a relieving officer before they could be admitted. They remained at the gate in a state of utter exhaustion and despair for a considerable time, still hoping that the workhouse functionaries would take pity on their wretched condition, and at length the porter made his appearance, and without deigning to speak to them, or to listen to their solicitations, beckoned them to leave the place! The husband then told the wife that he was unable to proceed, from weakness, she had better to go on to Strabane with the children, try and procure some place of shelter and if he got stronger he would follow them.
was an English architect, who practised largely in Ireland. Architect to the Poor Law Commissioners in Ireland from 1839 until 1855. George Wilkinson was born in 1814, a son of W.A. Wilkinson, carpenter and builder of Witney, Oxfordshire. His younger brother William Wilkinson was also an architect. In 1835, following the Poor Law Amendment Act of August 1834, which provided for the construction of 350 workhouses in England and Wales, Wilkinson won the competition for designing the workhouse at Thame, Oxfordshire. During the next three years, while he was still in his early twenties, he designed many other workhouses in Oxfordshire and elsewhere in England and Wales.
In July 1838 with the passing of the Act for the More Effectual Relief of the Destitute Poor in Ireland the workhouse system was extended to Ireland. According to the provisions of the act, 130 workhouses were to be built. Whereas different architects had been able to compete for workhouse commissions in England and Wales, the Poor Law Commissioners proposed that in Ireland the Board of Works should be given sole responsibility for all the workhouses. When this proved impossible for legal reasons, they invited Wilkinson and two other architects to submit designs for a prototype Irish workhouse. On the strength of his experience in Wales under circumstances, and with materials not very dissimilar from what exist in Ireland', in January 1839 Wilkinson was appointed the Commissioners' architect in Ireland, responsible for the design and erection of all 130 Irish workhouses. He was to be paid a salary of 500 per annum and provided with a full-time assistant and a clerk, to be paid 150 and 100 per annum respectively.
37421 heads the 17.10 to Inverness complete with observation saloon 6300 converted from former Class 101 Met-Camm DMU DTCL 54346. I had arrived here on the seasonal boat service from Mallaig that ran at the time that was a massive boon for Britail Pass holding foreign tourists travelling from Fort William to Inverness the same day via the Mallaig and Kyle lines. However I would be alighting at Achnasheen for a night in the station hotel, since burned down.
All information is provided in good faith but, on occasions errors may occur. Should this be the case, if new information can be verified please supply it to the author and corrections will then be made.
ANDERSON, David. Private 6293, 1st Battalion Canadian Infantry (Western Ontario Regiment) Notes from his army record. He was born on the 2nd June 1888 at Donaghadee, County Down to George and Mary Jane Anderson of 42, Albert Street, Bangor, County Down. He was by occupation a plumber. He enlisted at Valcartier, Quebec on the 22nd September 1914 and was killed in action on the 23rd April 1915. He is commemorated on the Menin Gate Memorial, Ypres, Belgium. His brother Robert fell on the 21st March 1918.
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